The Mechanics of Spontaneous Healing Essay Example for Free

The Mechanics of Spontaneous Healing EssayThe field of holistic mend is an evolving discipline. Therefore, the words used to speak roughly the realm of holistic better remain difficult to concretize. For those who view this growing field from a distance, the confusion about intercourse is app arnt. Essentially, the same words are used in different ways, depending on the speaker and on the context. Even practitioners within the field of holistic better use words like better and holistic in idiosyncratic ways.For holistic medical examination doctors, the term holistic may mean incorporating alternative healing techniques or procedures such as the use of herbal remedies, diet and nutrition. For psychologists holistic may indicate their use of several therapeutic techniques within the discipline of psychology. Or it may indicate that they integrate other healing techniques such as bodywork or meditation within the context of psychotherapy. For some, the term holistic healing d enotes an boilersuit philosophy of integrationalism regardless of their respective training background, and as such, serve as a self-identifier.Given the disparity of meanings attri exclusivelyed to the words, the realm of holistic healing is fraught with communication difficulties. This search terms clarifies for the operational definitions of the studys critical terms to avoid confusion and help set the limits of its purview. Holistic healing literally convey wholeness (holy and heal some(prenominal) derive from the Anglo-Saxon healen, meaning whole), with all that implies Bringing the rejected and discarded into the circle listening with the inward ear for those split that have been silenced seeking a deeper, more accurate, more creative engagement with the world around us (Barasch, 2003, p. 7).Holistic refers to the acknowledgement that human macrocosms are multi-leveled. We exist each moment as a body, mind, spirit/soul, and emotional beings. Holistic healing therefore, ack nowledges the many parts of our being and seeks to understand their interactions in both the disease and the health creation process. Holistic Healing Conceptualized Holistic healing remains on the edges of mainstream scientific thought. It is contrary to the accepted view that we will always be able to find a specific cause for any given disease.Holistic healing deals with the totality of a persons being the mental/emotional, physical, social, and spiritual dimensions. It is this totality as an integrative and synthesizing force, so perceived and utilized by the healing person or team, that constitutes holistic healing. (Otto Knight, 2001, p. 3). Holistic healing was described by Pelletier (1997). For him, all states of health were psychosomatic, each person representing a unique interaction of body, mind, and spirit. Illness was a disturbance in the dynamic balance of these relationships.The client and the practitioner shared the responsibility for the healing and both creative ly learned about themselves during the healing process. Practical screen In spite of a thorough search of the books, no studies have been found that relate directly to the focus of this study, the mechanics of spontaneous healing. The literature burn downvas is not the theoretical human foot on which the study is based, but is presented in order to illustrate the current state of the relevant literature. The initial review established the appropriateness of this study.The majority of the review will be accomplished after the data is analyzed and it will be guided by the findings. Literature from both the initial review and the later(prenominal) review will be compiled in this section. Topics will also be discussed that might relate to the mechanics of spontaneous healing such as the roll in the hay of healing, health status, recovery, and survival. In this related literature the independent variables such as social support, optimism, and hardiness are often well defined with r eliable and reasonable measures.The dependent variables such as being healthy, having minor health problems, suffering from chronic disease, being disabled, and being dead are treated as equally-spaced points on a continuum (Hobroyd Coyne, 2002, p. 364), and are often well-defined or measured. Other measures sometimes defined as healthy are help seeking behaviours and compliance with medical recommendations. Nevertheless, there are some interesting studies in which attempt is made to measure the factors that might be relevant to the mechanics of spontaneous healing.The popular literature claims much more knowledge than can be substantiated with valid research but this literature has stimulated a research interest that may get out to more knowledge about the mechanics of spontaneous healing. In the literature related to specific techniques, such as biofeedback, therapeutic healing touch, imagery, and hypnosis is discussed directly. Each of these areas has a body of research but th e studies do not define healing and often do not give enough information for the reader to harbour judgement on the mechanics of spontaneous healing and on whether the outcomes are credible.Methodological Screen A suitable design for exploring holistic healing from the posture of the person in the chemical mechanism of the health creation process is phenomenology. Phenomenology is the study of the essence of human take care (Solomon, 1980). Phenomenology is based on careful consideration of robust complex data, using logic and insight (Cohen, 2001). The phenomenon canvass need not be tangible in a physical sense as it can be such things as loving, thinking, imagining, calculating, or doubting. Healing falls somewhere between with both tangible and intangible elements.Cause and effect are not relevant, but it can be asked what the experience is of perceiving something apparently causing something else. One would not ask what causes healing, only what the experience of healing i s. As an approach to research, it is a way to stand back and watch, to break out of ones familiar acceptance of the world, and to attain a state of wonder and understanding (Merleau-Ponty, 1992). Phenomenology as a Research Method From these philosophical origins, methods of investigation began to emerge.Spiegelberg (1995) described doing phenomenology in a philosophical sense, while Giorgi, Van Kaam, and Colaizzi developed research methods which were inspired by phenomenological philosophy but not bound by it (Omery, 2003). Phenomenological research is evolving and expanding since it is now being used by many disciplines. There is debate about how stringently one should follow the method and whether it is appropriate to draw from other related methods such as ethnography and grounded theory. Phenomenology as a philosophy is so divers(prenominal) that purity is probably nonexistent.Because of this it would be difficult to derive a pure research method. Phenomenology as it is Used in this Study The primary influences in development the methodology for this study were Collaizzi (1998) and Merleau Ponty (2002). Both Collaizzi and Merleau Ponty were chosen because of their specific discussion of bodily functions and their desire to maintain the integration and complexity of these functions. They both believed that perception of reality was in fact reality and that this reality can be described.Careful interpretation can clarify this reality. In the process of interpretation, data are not created, but they are analysed with an attempt to discover their essence. In order to address the research questions posed above, selected individuals will be asked to discuss their experience of holistic healing and the mechanism of their health creation process. Asking people directly seemed an effective way to study meaning, experience, beliefs, expectations, and perceptions of holistic healing.Benner (2002) pointed out that physiological aspects of healing can be studied re adily with traditional quantitative research. Much of the research available on psychological, interpersonal, and personality dimensions of health has also been done using quantitative methods. There is a current interest in exploring holistic healing using qualitative means, but no qualitative studies have explored healing. As healing is a lived experience it seems appropriate to use a qualitative method to ask individuals who are in the process of healing to attempt to articulate what they believe is happening.

Feminism in Virginia Woolf Essay Example for Free

Feminism in Virginia Woolf EssayVirginia Woolf is regarded to be a modern literary figure. She was an side invigoratedist and shewist who was a signifi dismisst icon in London literary society. She was a member of the Bloomsbury group. Her famous novels are Mrs. Dallo way, To The Lighthouse and Orlando and the essay A way of wholenesss Own. Contemporary libbers regard Woolf as an advocate of the movement. This paper will analyze Woolfs background and some of her whole kit and boodle to bring up points of her beliefs on the matter. Growing up in London, Woolf was influenced by a wide circle of Victorian society. Her father, Sir Leslie Stephen was an editor, critic and biographer.He had c angiotensin-converting enzymections to numerous British releasers including William Thackeray. Novelists such as George Elliot, Henry James, Julia Margaret Cameron, George Henry Lewes and James Russell Lowell often dropped by in their house. (Maze, 18, 1995) Woolf and her sister Vanessa wer e sexually abused by their half-brothers Gerald and George. According to modern scholars, this traumatizing experience triggered her scatterbrained breakdowns. The deaths of her mother Julia Prinsep Stephen in 1895, her half-sister Stella in 1897 and her father in 1904 added salt to the wound. Woolf was institutionalized after her most alarming breakdown.(Maze, 20, 1995) Despite her mood swings, mental breakdowns and decline in social functioning, Woolfs abilities to write remained. Biographers claim that Woolfs marriage to Leonard Woolf was not consummated. According to them, she was a lesbian. Nonetheless, the couple had a tight relationship and often collaborated in the literature industry. Leonard Woolf was the publisher while Virginia Woolf was the writer. Hogarth Press published a majority of Woolfs working. (Maze, 23, 1995) Woolf had a relationship with Vita Sackville West, an English poet and novelist. Their affair lasted for two years merely thry remained friends.Other r elationships with women were Madge Vaughn (the inspiration for Mrs. Dalloway) and Violet Dickinson, a composer. There were also debates on whether Vanessa and Virginia also had an intimate and incestuous relationships or they were just close. (Maze, 24, 1995) Modern recognition explains Woolfs disorder as a case of bipolar personality. On the verge of another nervous breakdown, Woolf commited suicide by drowning herself in the River Ouse. (Bowlby, 32, 1989) Students concentrating on Woolf and her works often analyze the lesbian and feminist themes in her novels, essays and short stories.For example, A Room of Ones Own discusses the difficulty female intellectuals and writers had to go by a time when men had more economic and legal power. What was instore for women in society and in education were unknown. This work exploited the obstacles, challenges and the anxieties of Woolf and other women writers during the 1930s. (Bowlby, 35, 1989) Women writers were afraid to write what they believed to be the truth because they were afraid that the academic world, which was made up by a majority of men, would disclaim their publications and describe it as mere opinions.A major problem of women writers in that decade was that tehyw ere not taken seriously. There was a disparity between male and female writers. The latter was said to be inferior. (Bowlby, 29, 1989). Woolf was a woman ahead of her time. One of the points she wanted to present was that a woman could be more than a housewife. She elaborated this by writing that women could serve the conventional duties in the household and have a career, in her case, an author, at the same time. She compared women who wait for the men to come home after work as objects, simply because they meet was was expected of them. (Lounsberry, 3, 1998)Mrs. Dalloway discussed themes on madness and feminism through two characters Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa represents economic and sexual repression whereas S eptimus is the remedy to depression and insanity. Septimus suicide was an allusion to Woolfs constant struggle with manic depression. Like the character, Woolf also hallucinated that the birdes were singing Greek. There was also an instance when Woolf tried to throw herself out of the window, the exact same way she wrote Septimus death. Mrs. Dalloway also touched bisexuality through Sally Seton, Clarissas partner.(Lotz, 26, 2003) To The Lighthouse presented a new method on understanding thoughts. This is Woolfs masterpiece and one of her best autobiographies. She suggested that by understanding thoughts, the writer must spend a good amount of time listening to her thoughts and studying how her words and her emotions affect her take heed with what she saw. (Lotz, 27, 2003) In order to look into Woolfs take on feminism and gender equality closer, scholars carefully analyze Woolfs influential novel Orlando. This is a semi-biographical novel that was inspired by Woolfs passionate rela tions with Sackville-West.It is the story of Orlando, a young English man who didnt want to grow old. One day, he woke up and realized that he was turned into a woman. He stock-still had the same intellect and same personality but he had a womans body. (Lotz, 28, 2003) Through this work, Woolf wrote a semi-autobiography that presented lesbian love to its readers. Because of the delicate subject matter, Orlando was banned in the United Kingdom. Also, Orlando started the trend of the non-fiction genre in literature. The novel is both transgender and transgenre. (Lotz, 29, 2003) Woolf is the first activist who vied for womans suffrage.Through her works, she changed the views and ideologies of women writers. Because of her, women were no longer annonymous. Most importantly, they were noticed and their works were regarded to be as the same train as those of male writers. (Lounsberry, 4, 1998) She set the groundwork for transformative social changes. Her beliefs which she wrote from 192 0s to 1940 clearly indicated a movement that was heading toward the direction for womens suffrage rights. Woolfs writings on feminisms as indicated in her public letters and A Society assessed the development of the feminist subversion by male scholars.(Lounsberry, 5, 1998) Three Guineas is Woolfs essay that has the most explicit and clear statement on feminism. It provides a meticulous and well-researched observation on the subject matter. Woolf also presented her relations with different womens organizations which piece of ground her agenda. (Lotz, 30, 2003) This is Woolfs feminist work that is uncompromising. She assaults the domination and privilege of men toward women. The details that are elaborated and sustained from beginning to end argue that women are still capable of maintaining a fervid argument which is relevant for feminism then and now.Woolf might have neglected class and sexuality in some of her feminist works because this was a problem during her time. However, she does her best to present to her readers her objectives on why she wrote her three guineas which are democratization, education and public professional acivity. (Lotz, 31, 2003) By analyzing these three guineas and the possiblity of what can happen if a woman takes on the important roles that are associated to these, Woolf enriches the understanding of females everywhere. She takes into account the evolution and the development of feminism by combating the image that had been founded by males.(Lotz, 32, 2003) Woolfs creations are long, scholarly and complex but when read with a feminist perspective, these are impressive and takes the reader into the authors personality, convictions and beliefs. If she were alive now, she would prefer to be called a humanist than a feminist. Simply because she was not obsessed with women, she was merely hoping that women would have the same rights, honors and privileges as of men. By compassionately exploring Woolfs feminism, literary scholars poki ng into her sexuality and psychology that surround and precede in all her works.She was once quoted saying that the triumph of learning is that it leaves something done solidly forever. She did exactly just that with her works and her movement toward feminism. Works Cited Maze, John R, Virginia Woolf Feminism, Creativity and the Unconscious, pp. 18 24, Free Inquiry, Vol 15, Spring 1995 Bowlby, Rachel, Feminist Destinations, pp 32 29, National Review, Vol 41, November 24, 1989 Lounsberry, Barbara, The Tales We Tell, pp 3 5, New Statesman, Vol 127, January 16, 1998 Lotz, Amanda D, communicating Third Wave Feminism and New Social Movements, pp 26 32, Women and Language, , Vol 26. 2003,

Why Some Companies Are More Successful Than Others Commerce Essay

Why Some Companies Are More Successful Than Others Commerce bear witnessWhy are some companies successful, while so many another(prenominal) production linees fail. Some organizations may just be lucky. They may have the right jumble of products and/or services at the right time. But even if luck leads to success, it probably will not last. Most companies that are highly successful over the long term effectively acquire, develop, and manage resources and capabilities that provide private-enterprise(a) advantages. For modelling, McDonalds enjoys outstanding brand recognition and a world class operating system. Marriott enjoys these same benefits in the lodging industry.Successful companies have alike submited how to develop and manage relationships with a wide range of organizations, groups, and people that have a stake in their unswervings. The emergence of a fiercely competitive global economy means that theaters have to expand their networks of relationships and coopera te with each other to remain competitive. McDonalds investment in Chipotle was a cooperative venture. As Steve Ells, Founder, Chairman, and CEO of Chipotle noted, Weve enjoyed our relationship with McDonalds since the beginning and appreciate the support theyve shown in funding Chipotles growth over the last seven years. Still, weve evermore operated independently, and that wont change as McDonalds Continues to reduce its investment in Chipotle and focuses on its core business. Strategic perplexity is a unconscious process through which organizations analyze and strike from their internal and external environments, establish strategical direction, create strategies that are intended to move the organization in that direction, and implement those strategies, all in an effort to execute key stakeholders. Stakeholders are groups or individuals who give notice significantly affect or are significantly affected by an organizations activities. An organization defines who its key st akeholders are, but they typically include use of goods and servicesers, employees, and shareholders or owners, among others. Although larger companies tend to use the strategic management process, this process is also a vital part of decision making in smaller companies.Firms practicing strategic planning processes tend to outperform their counterparts that do not. In fact, executives have reported higher levels of satisfaction with strategic management tools and ideas than with most other management tools. Furthermore, 81 per centum of companies worldwide reported doing strategic planning. In North America, the figure was even higher (89 percent). Hospitality firms also benefit from strategic planning, as suggested by a recent ponder of hotels in the United Kingdom, which found that business performance was positively associated with the thoroughness, sophistication, participation, and formality of strategic planning processes. An example of how strategic analysis can help guid e business system is shown in Starwood Hotels Resorts efforts to launch a new product.This book also recognizes that there is a difference between the strategic planning process and strategic thinking, and that two are a part of effective strategic management. The strategic planning process tends to be a rather rigid and unimaginative process in many organizations. Strategic thinking, however, leads to creative solutions and new ideas like Starwood Hotels launch of the Heavenly Bed. As illustrated in the Heavenly Bed example, a firm that injects strategic thinking into the strategic planning process has the best of both worlds.THE ORIGIN OF strategical focussing 5THE ORIGIN OFSTRATEGIC perplexityThe increasing importance of strategic management may be a result of several trends. Increasing argument in most industries has made it difficult for some companies to compete. Modern and cheaper transportation and communication have led to increasing global trade and awareness. Techn ological culture has led to accelerated changes in the global economy. Regard slight of the reasons, the past two decades have seen a surge in interest in strategic management.STRATEGIC THINKING AT STARWOODThe Heavenly Bed, first launched by the Westin brand of Starwood Hotels Resorts, has transformed the bed, a basic feature of any hotel room, into a luxurious object of desire, enhancing the revenues of the chain and leaving many hotel operators to follow suit with copycat linens and custom render of their own.The strategic process at Starwood began with consumer analysis and product testing. First, Westin commissioned a study involving 600 business executives who travel frequently. The results showed that 84 percent said a luxurious bed would make a hotel room more attractive to them. What is more, 63 percent said a good night s sleep is the most important service a hotel can provide. Half of those surveyed said they sleep worse in hotels than at home. After testing 50 bed s from 35 lodging chains, Westin developed its prototype all white Heavenly Bed with a custom knowing pillow top mattress, goose down comforters, five pillows, and three crisp sheets ranging in thread count from 180 to 250. Once the product was designed and tested, the fi rm introduced the bed with a carefully planned marketing strategy. USA Today ran a story on the front page of its business section. The same day, 20 pristine white Heavenly Beds lined Wall Street up to the New York Stock Exchange in New York City. Inside the Stock Exchange, Barry Sternlicht, the wherefore Chairman and CEO of Starwood Hotels Resorts rang the opening bell and threw out hats proclaiming, Work like the devil.Sleep like an angel. Meanwhile, at New York s Grand Central Station, 20 more beds graced one of the rotundas there, and commuters disembarking the trains were invited to try them out. Similar events were staged the same day at 38 locations across the United States, tailored to each city. Sa vannahs event have a bed floating on a barge down the river with a landing skydiver. Seattles event took place atop the Space Needle.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENTTraditional PerspectiveAs the field of strategic management began to emerge in the latter part of the 20th century, scholars borrowed heavily from the field of economics. For some time, economists had been actively studying topics associated with the competitiveness of industries.THE ORIGIN OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 7Industry concentration, diversification, product differentiation, and market power. However, much of the economics research at that time cerebrate on industries as a whole, and some of it even assumed that individual firm differences did not matter. Other fields also influenced early strategic management thought, including marketing, finance, psychology, and management. Academic progress was slow in the beginning, and the large consulting firms began to develop their own models and theories to meet their clients needs. Scholars readily adopted many of these models into their own articles and books.Eventually, a consensus began to build regarding what is include in the strategic management process. The traditional process for developing strategy consists of analyzing the internal and external environments of the company to arrive at organisational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The results from this situation analysis, as this process is sometimes called, are the basis for developing missions, goals, and strategies. In general, a company should select strategies that (1) take advantage of organizational strengths and environmental opportunities or (2) fling off or overcome organizational weaknesses and environmental threats. 10 After strategies are formulated, plans for implementing them are established and carried out. Figure 1.1 presents the naturalflow of these activities.The first of these ideas was that the environment is the primeval determinant of the best strate gy. This is called environmental determinism. According to the deterministic cipher, good management is associated with determining which strategy will best fit environmental, technical, and human forces at a particular point in time, and then working to carry it out.The most successful organization best adapts to existing forces. Some evidence suggests that the ability to find the skills and other resources of the organization with the needs and demands of the environment can be a source of competitive advantage. 12 However, after a critical review of environmental determinism, a well cognize researcher once arguedThere is a more fundamental conclusion to be drawn from the foregoing analysis the strategy of a firm cannot be predicted, nor is it predestined the strategic decisions made by managers cannot be assumed to be the product of deterministic forces in their environments. On the contrary, the very nature of the concept of strategy assumes a human agent who is able to tak e actions that attempt to distinguish one firm from the competitors.Basically, a large firm may decide not to compete in a given environment. Or, as an alternative, the firm may attempt to influence the environment to make it less hostile and more conducive to organizational success. This process is called enactment, which means that a firm can influence its environment.THE PRINCIPLE OF ENACTMENTThe principle of enactment assumes that organizations do not have to submit to existing forces in the environment they can, in part, create their environments through strategic alliances with stakeholders, investments in leading technologies, advertising, political lobbying, and a shape of other activities. 14 Of course, smaller organizations are somewhat limited in their ability to influence some components of their environments on their own. For example, a small restaurant firm may have a difficult time influencing national government agencies and administrators.However, smaller organiza tions often band to exhausther into trade groups, such as the content Restaurant Association, to influence government policy on pressing issues like minimum wage, immigration policy, and health care costs. Also, they may form alliances with other entities. The worldwide Hotel Alliance is one example, in which Omni Hotels, Kempinski Hotels Resorts, Pan Pacific Hotels and Resorts, Rydges Hotels Resorts, Marco Polo Group, Dusit Hotels Resorts and Landis Hotels Resorts have joined forces to compete against the mega chains.In addition, even a small firm may be able to exert a powerful influence on its local operating environment. The key to enactment is understanding that a firm does not needfully have to adapt completely to the forces that exist in its operating environment. It can at least partly influence certain aspects of the environment in which it competes. tip over STRATEGY VERSUS EMERGENT STRATEGYThe traditional school of thought concerning strategy formulation also suppo rted the view that managers respond to the forces discussed thus far by making decisions that are consistent with a preconceived strategy. In other words, strategy is deliberate. Deliberate strategy implies that managers plan to pursue an intended strategic course. In some cases, however, strategy simply emerges from a stream of decisions. Managers learn as they go. An emergent strategy is one that was not planned or intended. According to this perspective, managers learn what will work through a process of trial and error. 16 Supporters of this view argue that organizations that limit themselves to acting on the basis of what is already known or understood will not be sufficiently innovative to create a sustainable competitive advantage.In the first week of set up the Westin Heavenly Bed, 32 guests called to ask where they could buy the bed. A light bulb went on. Westin executives put order cards with a toll free number in every room. Then they started placing catalogs by bedside s and desks and set up a web site. By June of 2004, Westin had sold 20,000 pillows $ 75 for the king sized version and 3,500 bed/bedding combos, at $ 2,965 each, enough to spread the idea throughout Starwood, with the Sheraton, St. Regis, and W lines all turning into retailers. The unanticipated success of the Heavenly Bed has spawned a new business companies that help hotels run their retail arms. Boxport, a spin off of San Francisco based hotel procurer Higgins Purchasing Group, operates web sites and catalogs for several chains that now sell bed of this example of emergent strategy, it is not a good idea to reject deliberate strategy either. One of the strongest advocates of training and emergent strategy recently confessed, We shall get nowhere without emergent learning alongside deliberate planning.Both processes are necessary if an organization is to succeed. When Starwood first launched the concept of the Heavenly Bed in 1999, the strategy was a deliberate effort, but the opportunity to provide retail sales was an unintended outcome, and this unforeseen opportunity led to an emergent and highly successful retail strategy, as the above example shows.EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC PLANNINGIn summary, scholars have determined that both adaptation and enactment are important to organizations. They should adapt to environmental forces when the costs of enacting (influencing) the environment exceed the benefits. However, they should be proactive in creating their own opportunities. In addition, organizations should engage in deliberate strategic planning processes, but they should also be willing to make mistakes and learn from them as they chart a strategic course. In other words, strategy should be both deliberate and emergent, and firms should both adapt to and enact their environments, with the situation determining which option to choose. Westin learned these lessons by paying attention to their customers.The Organization as a Bundle of ResourcesThe Resource found ViewIn recent years, another perspective on strategy development has gained wide acceptance. The resource based view of the firm has its roots in the work of the earliest strategic management theorists. 20 It grew out of the question, Why do some firms persistently outperform other firms?One of the first competencies set was general management capability. This led to the proposition that firms with high quality general managers will outperform their rivals. Much research has examined this issue. Clearly, effective leadership is important to organizational performance, but it is diffi cult to specify what makes an effective leader. Also, although leaders are an important source of competence for an organization, they are not the only important resource that makes a difference.Economic thought also influenced development of the resource based view. Nearly two centuries ago, an economist named David Ricardo investigated the advantages of possessing gilt-edged resources, e specially land. 22 One of Ricardos central propositions was that the granger with the most fertile land had a sustained performance advantage over other farmers. More recently, another economist, Edith Penrose, expanded on Ricardo s view by noting that various skills and abilities possessed by firms could lead to superior performance. She viewed firms as an administrative framework that coordinated the activities of numerous groups and individuals, and also as a jampack of productive resources. 23 She studied the effects of various skills and abilities possessed by organizations, concluding that a wide range of skills and resources could influence competitive performance.A joint thread of reasoning in the distinctive competency literature and the arguments of Ricardo and Penrose is that organizational success can be explained in terms of the resources and capabilities possessed by an organization. many another(prenominal) modern scholars have contributed to this perspective of the firm. According to this view, an organization is a bundle of resources, which fall into the general categories of1. Financial resources, including all of the monetary resources from which a firm can draw.2. Physical resources, such as land, buildings, equipment, locations, and accessto raw materials.3. Human resources, which pertains to the skills, background, and training of managers and employees, as well as the way they are organized.4. Organizational knowledge and learning5. General organizational resources, including the firm s reputation, brand names,Patents, contracts, and relationships with external stakeholders.Envisioning the firm as a bundle of resources has broad implications. For example, the most important exercise of a manager becomes that of acquiring, developing, managing, and discarding resources. Also, much of the research on the resource based perspective has demonstrated that firms can gain competitive advantage through possessing superior resources. Supe rior resources are those that have value in the market, are possessed by only a small number of firms, and are not light(a) to substitute. If a particular resource is also costly or impossible to imitate, thenthe competitive advantage may be sustainable. A sustainable competitive advantage may lead to higher than average organizational performance over a long period.

Poetry Analysis Comparison

Poetry Analysis ComparisonComp are and contrast the portrayal of watertight perceptions in the poems contend Photographer, A pay back in a Refugee Camp, Do non Go Gentle into that Good Night and with referenced to Dulce et Decorum Est , Stealing and The Soldier.The poems War Photographer by chirrup Ann Duffy, A Mother in a Refugee camp by Chinua Achebe and Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night by Dylan Thomas although they may first seem to have a little in common. However, these threesome poems are literally very different, in twain their historical and social context, but they are all linked by the same theme Strong Emotion. Strong emotion is a major feeling which can be in any form and can take place at any time. Furthermore this can be a bond in which people befriend each other to go through suffering and hardships. This essay will mainly concentrate on how each poem conveys the strong personal emotions of the poet through literary devices. In addition to the poems f rom the anthology, three poems have alike been chosen for comparison. These are Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen, Stealing by Carol Ann Duffy and The Soldier by Rupert Brooke.In War Photographer, Carol Ann Duffy discusses the finish caused by wars. She writes with strong emotions to convince the subscriber how horrific a war can be and can control to endless misery. And through the poem she has use a fiction he a priest preparing to intone a mass to compare the character as a priest showing how sorrowful the photographer is. Moreover he takes photos during wars which allows him to past on mess long times to other people about the victims like preaching. Furthermore, the comparison of the photographer and the priest also shows the job the photographer is doing is seem to be very sacred and he takes a high responsibility for this mission. In addition to the metaphor she has used an head rhyme spools of suffering to show how much suffering has happened over time and these ev ents can be as long as a spool. And by comparing the time with a spool it also back ups set out each event chronologically. In addition the s sound from the alliteration also shows how much picture at that place are and the amount of suffering going on around the world. Moreover, using the technique listing Belfast. Beirut. Phenom Penh. the pauses from this phrase make the reader think about the past events and the list of victims who have died in the past during the war in these places. And this helps to make the reader to consider about the roll of follow for the people. And with the literature devices use from the poem we can understand how the poet has shown her sorrow towards the victims in the wars.In Dulce et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen has described a gas attack during World War One with his strong emotions. He is strongly denying the concept of serving your country is glorious. The language used in the section about the gas attack represents both the pain of the victims f rom the gas attack and the effect on those who have seen the scene. Watch the white eyes writhing in his face By using the alliteration and put emphasis to the w sound it is able to reflect the suffering of the gas victims. This imagery is very powerful because we can imagine the change in the victims face and it also suggests that war is cruel and is a waste of young peoples life. as well, both poets from War Photographer and Dulce et Decorum Est were disturb by the scenes from wars however Wilfred Owen solo wrote about the gas attack which most disturbed him and Carol Ann Duffy wrote the whole poem based on wars in general.Similarly, in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night the poet Dylan Thomas has mentioned about oddment with strong emotions. However in this poem the relationship is between a son and a begin. Dylan Thomas is trying to encourage his father to continue his life instead of showing the weaknesses of human race in War Photographer. And by doing so, a with child( p) variety of literacy techniques were used. The iambic pentameter was used throughout the poem which can give a regular beat and rhythm to the readers this can then help to influence his father to fight death since the iambic pentameter can give out a regular sense to the reader. It is like a heart beat which encourages his father to live. In addition to that, assonance was also used. age, rare, day gives out hard sounds when read out which can enhance the effect of iambic pentameter, these punchy sounds also help giving out a stronger rhythm for the poem to increase the sense of persuasion and help amplify the message given to the father.Along with the assonance there was also repetition within the poem do not go dingy into that good night. This metaphor was used many times, where good night is compared to death because at the night time people go to sleep which makes a good comparison for passing away. This then help to tell his father not to give up easily and to fight with a ll his might. Again this is used to give out a stronger sense of persuasion for his father. Furthermore, from the personification old age should burn Dylan Thomas is trying to suggest old people should still have the spirit to fight for their life and shouldnt die so easily and with such apathy. This is very different to War Photographer because Dylan Thomas is showing his angry rejection towards death where else Carol Ann Duffy is depress from the victims of war. And from the techniques used in this poem we can understand the poets strong emotions towards the horrible death and the old age people losing will to live.In Stealing, Carol Ann Duffy also based this poem with the theme of strong emotion by using symbolization. The snowman, stands as a symbol for the loneliness of the characters situation. Because the character destroys the snowman booted him. Again. Again. it is also a symbol to indicate how violent the speaker is. These symbols are powerful because readers are shown th e speakers loneliness, where he/she needs to steal a snowman as a mate to escape loneliness. Similarly, in do not go gentle into that good night the poet is affected by the strong emotions because his father is dying and because of the grief it has cause Dylan Thomas to drink more than usual.In comparison to the others, A mother in a refugee camp discusses more about love during a war. When the mother is trying to take care of her son in a refugee camp, either step they take is very important to them because one would die at anytime. And from the structure of poem, we could see that there is only one whole continuous stanza and only two long sentences which connotes there is no end to suffering during that time and death is unavoidable. In addition this long, complex, multi-clause sentence suggests the long, drawn-out suffering of soulfulness dying from starvation. The alliteration behind blown-empty bellies shows the scene of a baby in a refugee camp. The vowel sounds e, i, o and the alliteration b sound suggest the vacuity of the childrens stomachs. How the baby is suffering from long term starvation causing his abdominal to raise up, which can then suggest the baby itself would suffer from death at any moment. There is also an irony, these bellies look full but in reality they are empty.Additionally , the juxtaposition The air was heavy help connotes how openhanded the situation is within the refugee camp, with the lack of hygiene it will increase the death numbers of people this can then suggest people should value every single moment of their life because many people are currently dying within the camp. This juxtaposition is very powerful because the unpleasant sensory address towards the smell is very strong. The comparatives from the poem In their former life this was perhaps a little daily act of no consequences this mother, despite the imminent death of her son, is still lavishing love on him, by combing his hair. This again shows how deadly the situation is, where a close family member might die in any minute, therefore they need to treasure every time they have together in the refugee camp. Here the poet is describing the famine caused by war (Biafran War) in his native Nigeria. His comminuted description illustrates his outrage at the suffering cause by war. And this strong emotion from the poet is effectively passed on to the readers by these literary devices. Similarly, in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night Dylan Thomas has demonstrated his rage towards the old people who accepts death which shows both of the poets has the same strong emotions and is effectively passed on towards the readers.In The Soldier, Rupert Brooke writes about a soldier who loves his own country. And if he should die in a far away battlefield people should still bang him as a British. Showing how much faith the soldier has towards his country. Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. This strong image creates a sense of repose and a un ity with nature. This shows England to be more superior to other places. And force readers to see the place in the same light as the poet. In contrast, in A mother in a refugee camp, people were forced to die, however in The Soldier there was an option for the person to choose, making the situation not as difficult.In conclusion, from the research conducted for the three poems, we can see that these poets have used a variety of structural and literary devices to highlight the power of strong emotions behind each poem. From War Photographer, Carol Ann Duffy has covey the misery cause by war in a very emotional way. As come up as in Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night the theme was also strong emotions however the idea of the poem was different. Likewise in A Mother in a Refugee Camp strong emotions was also the main theme of the poem. Therefore, strong emotions were the main theme of all three poems and it has provokes a deep emotional response from the readers.

Shyness And Awkwardness In Everyday Encounters Psychology Essay

Shyness And Awkwardness In Everyday Encounters Psychology audition onMaybe at the bus, or the lobby of a dental clinic, or even while waiting for that delicious fill of coffee, those are some of the quantify that you find yourself looking at the ceiling, checking your phone for that unread message or even noticing how exceptionally elegant are the wrinkles of your hands. In less than ten minutes, you suck already analyzed all the posters glued to the metal stool, and you can name by heart every one of the magazines sitting on the lobby table. That is when you try to start a nonchalant conversation with the stranger standing next to you, but suddenly you feel disquieting as you are preoccupied with concerns about(predicate) your self- grantation. This discomfort or inhibition in inter soulal situations is defined as unsureness. It can be described as a form of excessive self-focus, and preoccupancy of ones thoughts, feelings and even physical reactions. Shy people tend to fee l uncomfortable and awkward in cordial situations. They try to abide to the rules of kindly interactions, but activated and physical inhibitions prevent them from doing so.Shy individuals, contrary to the common belief, are not introverts. Introverts prefer being alone and enjoy the lack of tender interaction. On the different hand, shy individuals crave for human interaction and affable recognition as a part of a group. However, their self-consciousness and often the lack of assertiveness straightaway them to give up opportunities to socialize. They are extroverts, but they handicap themselves by not entering social groups or speaking to strangers, and subsequently pass up the chances to act the social skills necessary for a social rehabilitation.Being shy can be painful to watch, and even much(prenominal) disturbing to experience. Shyness can antecede to the most awkward situations. American adolescents have hard-won expertise in this issue with their unadorned exclamat ion Awkward, trying to ease the tension of the most uncomfortable situations. Furtherto a greater extent, there are tons of self-help books to deal with awkward co-workers, and as well as on weekends or holidays we must face the awkwardness of the family gatherings, where people connected by race kinship cannot share the most innocuous opinions without risking emotional or physical tension. Men are uncomfortable at seduction, knowing that an unwelcoming approach will answer to rejection- a discomforting situation- and women never know if making the first move will be considered as a welcome relief or a contemplation of castrating pushiness. Our lives are all filled with examples of awkwardness, which we avoid by individualizing ourselves. tenderly awkward or shy individuals often withhold their objective opinions in the pursuit of avoiding a potential discomfort, further building the barrier amidst them and other participants in social interactions.We so much despise the feeli ng of awkwardness that we develop techniques or rituals to avoid the aforementioned situations. These techniques are often executed subconsciously and are interconnected with the self-reflection process which hinders socially-awkward people from being socially active in a group of people. Avoiding eye contact followed by texting or calling from a cell phone, or intentionally revealing the cable of your headphones are some of the techniques utilize to create a barrier between human interactions. Other techniques like slightly leaning towards someone, grunting or laughing aloud while reading a joke in the newspaper are examples of indirect approach of shy individuals, who on the other hand try to participate in social occasions.In general, it is believed that most people arent comfortable being observed or approached. This is connected to the insecurity and low self-esteem that embodies a lot of socially awkward individuals, and also to the upbringing or culture of others. Some cultu res of the East do not allow unmarried women to interact with men, and others even prohibit women from being in domain without a spousal or blood-related male companion. On the other hand, western cultures raise their children to be more independent and support social interactions between them and their peers. It can be inferred that responses to reserve are not universal, for example shyness is negatively associated with peer acceptance in the United States of America, but positively in China. Leaving aside the cultural factors, even small things, such as the directions of the chairs in an auditorium or in a bus facing towards the front of the lay out or the vehicle respectively, with no overlapping visual field between the people seated- play a substantial role in forming, or preventing social connections.Although the research of shyness is relative new, researchers have been able to discover the social behaviors and the factors that influence the phenomenon of social awkwardn ess and shyness. Shyness seems to be a form of social anxiety, where the shy individual may experience a range of feelings from mild anxiety in the presence of unfamiliar individuals to panic attacks with more serious symptoms for the individual. special research shows that there are different kinds of shyness. Buss, writer of the book Personality temperament, social behavior and the self (1995), argues that there are only dickens of this phenomena impatient shyness and self- conscious shyness. The differences between these two can be summarized to the time of appearance, type of emotion or feelings generated, and the immediate or enduring causes. Buss states that the events that call on the carpet the two kinds of shyness are different. Theprimary causes of anxious shyness can be grouped into two categories. The first is noveltyof persons, environment and social role. The scrap is evaluation, which occurs because the situation is structured that way or because of failed self- presentation. He further reiterates that the immediate causes of self-conscious shyness are more complex, involving conspicuousness, breach of privacy, others actions and ones own social mistakes.Although it is well-nigh unbelievable to think that shyness is genetically inherited, Buss states that anxiously shy people are most probably born that way. The inheritance may be a direct inheritance of a certain gene or the combination of inherited traits that are genetically expressions of low sociability. Also, he argues that attachment in the infancy causes low self-confidence and renders anxiously shy people sensitive to evaluation. Children from the moment of birth, tend to be curious beings. From the early stages of their lives, they express curiosity towards the human body and the environment surrounding them babies try to reach and touch their parents face, are caught at staring at certain individuals, et cetera. These practices, however, are slowly suppressed, while the social no rms trample over the so-called childrens curiosity as the children grow up. On the other hand, overly attached children show signs of anxious shyness from the very solution of their lives certain babies cry when strangers touch them or when they are taken away from their parents, children of ages 1-2 hide behind their parent when a stranger is approaching, et cetera.In the attempt of researching in depth the phenomenon of shyness Pilkonis, a researcher from Stanford University, designed an examination to investigate the differences between shy and non-shy individuals. To assess possible gender differences in the manifestation of shyness, twain males and females were included as subjects. In a research by Pilkonis, shy people often report that their anxiety is evoked by ambivalent situations in which they are unsure about how to behave. In addition, one would anticipate the presence of a stranger during an anxiety-arousing task to hamper the performance of a shy person therefore, t he presence or absence of a confederated during the delivery of the speech was also varied (Pilkonis, 1977). Intheresearch, differences among shy subjects themselves were also explored. A shy individual has yielded two major types those persons who are in camera shy and focus on internal events in describing their shyness, and those who are publicly shy and regard their behavioral deficiencies as more critical aspects of their shyness (Pilkonis, 1977).For research purposes, students enrolled in a psychology course at Stanford University participated in the experiment. Subjects were selected from opposite extrema of the shyness continuum on the basis of responses to a shortly form of the Stanford Shyness Survey that had been administered during a class hour. The procedures for this study were confederates, opposite-sex interaction, interaction with the experimenter, and development and delivery of speech.One of the inferences of the research was that one of the major differences be tween shy and not shy people is the ability of the latter to initiate and build conversations. During the opposite-sex interaction, people who were not shy showed a shorter latency to their first utterance, spoke more frequently, and spoke for a larger percentage of the time. They allowed fewer silences to develop and were willing to break a larger percentage of the silences which did occur. (Pilkonis, 1977). Shy objects reported themselves to be more nervous when delivering their speeches and also to be more nervous when doing their speeches. Despite their greater anxiety, shy participants delivered speeches which were not judged to be poorer on any of the evaluative dimensions (Pilkonis, 1977). According to the experiment, shyness seemed to be less relevant in the structure of preparing and delivering the speech than unstructured interpersonal encounter.An experiment of self-reported shy and not shy persons revealed huge differences between the two groups in verbal behavior. Both situational factors and sex of participant influenced the expression of shyness. But also within the realms of the shy group, behavioral and affective differences between publicly and privately shy subjects emerged, providing further evidence for the validity of this distinction.But when are shy people going to resort, where their craving for human interaction reaches its climax? The answer is the internet. Social networking, and tons of other free means of online converse such as chat rooms, have given the opportunity to shy individuals to socialize without the limits of social inhibitions present in the real life. Research shows that shy people feel much less inhibited in social interaction online than they do offline, and consequently they are able to form a number of online relationships. Clark and Leung indicated that the higher the tendency of being addicted to the Internet, the shyer the person is. This correlation of internet addiction and social shyness is statistically co rrect, but the reliability of the inferences of the study regarding these distinctions is not very high. However, nobody can deny that the internet has hindered social inhibitions but instead of closing the gap of communication between shy and non-shy individuals, it has actually widened it through fake personas of the internet scene.

The Potential for Avian Influenza to Cause Another Worldwide Pandemic E

The Potential for avian flu to Cause Another publicwide PandemicAbstractThere are three major(ip) factors involved in the start of a pandemic the viral strain must be new, able to cause undecomposed illness, and transmit efficiently betwixt humans. This article explores the avian influenza virus?s potential to cause some other global pandemic through its ease of transmission and ability to spoil treatment. Avian type A influenza virus generally spreads either through an intermediate vector during the process of antigenic shift or presently to humans when it jumps the species barrier. A certain strain of the virus, H5N1 was of particular concern as it was the first strain to move directly from birds to humans. The avian influenza virus poses another threat as it evolves quickly through antigenic drift and eludes all treatment protocol, quickly gaining resistance to medication. Battling not trying to stop this virus seems to be the best course of action as we prepare ourselves f or another possible outbreak.Avian influenza is a viral disease that does not normally scratch humans. However, there have been an increasing number of cases where people have been affected and died. In order for any virus to become a pandemic, it must occupy three major requirements. It needs to be a new subtype of the virus, one that hasn?t existed in the past. It must be able to replicate itself and cause serious damage in humans, and it must have the ability to transmit efficiently between humans. (World Health Organization, 2005). During the 20th century, there were three pandemics of a strain of avian influenza, two of which (originating in Hong Kong and China) were caused by a new viral strain containing a combination of genes from both human and av... ...where and when it does strike seems to be the best vogue to battle this deadly virus.Avian Influenza A Global Pandemic - 6References? Kaye, D., Pringle, C. (2004). Avian Influenza Viruses and their Implication for Human Health. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (40), 108-112? Ruben, F. (2005). Influenza getting our attention. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (40), 1697(2)? Center for Disease Control. (2005, May). Influenza (Flu). Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7/25/2005 www.cdc.gov/flu? World Health Organization. (2005). Avian Influenza assessing the pandemic threat. The World Health Organization. 7/25/2005 www.who.int/en/? Mayo Clinic. (2005, March). Bird flu (avian influenza). MayoClinic.com. 7/25/2005 www.mayoclinic.com? Avian Medicine PHR 220, Spring 2005 UCD ? VM, Pat Wakenell, Avian Influenza

state of the union :: essays research papers

Stupid White Men by Michael Moore was supposed to be published in October, but the copies printed in September were going to be shredded, since the publisher thought that humorous attacks on President Bush and his partners would not be welcome after 9-11. There was a quiet campaign to dismount it to readers, and HarperCollins eventually did the right thing it has released the book unchanged and uncensored, and Moore has said he admires the courage it showed in doing so. You dont pass water to be a fan of Moores famous anti-corporate, anti-racist, and anti-conservative views to cherish that this is a real victory. You would be right to assume that "President" Bush will not be pleased by the book. Some of the chapters now have sort of a ring, like "A Very American Coup," which explains what really happened to give Florida to Bush in the last election. Bushs brother and his aids were able to mother the polls of black voters, who would have turned out for Gore. It to ok the BBC to uncover this story. There is plenty more sleaze to this story, which Moore obviously enjoys telling. It may no longer be unpatriotic to make fun at Bush, but Moore does not restrict himself to Bush bashing, being equally tough on Clinton and Gore. There are marvellous shots fired here, and a good laugh on almost every page. Bushs inaugural parade came up against protesters armed with eggs and tomatoes and "Hail to the Thief" signs at the point in the parade when the brand new President usually gets out and walks. "Then, suddenly, the Presidents car bolted and tore down the lane. The decision had been made - hit the muff and get past this rabble as quickly as possible. The Secret Service agents running beside the limo were left behind, the cars tires splashing dirty rain from the street onto the men who were there to protect its passenger. It might have been the finest thing I have ever witnessed in Washington, D.C. - a pretender to the American throne s trained to turn tail and run from thousands of American citizens armed only with the Truth and the ingredients of a decent omelet." A hilarious letter to President Arafat advises him to initiate plenteousness nonviolent civil disobedience, rather than to keep drawing blood if this advice had been taken, could the Palestinians be in any worse shape now?