Women in The Duchess of Malfi and The Changeling Essay -- John Webster

The Duchess in John Websters tragic play, The Duchess of Malfi, and Beatrice Joanna in Thomas Middleton and William Rowleys The Changeling, are both upstanding wo workforce living in a male-dominated society. The two women attempt to free themselves from this subordination by choosing to love that they desire. Both pay with their lives for this chance at freedom, but disagree in their moral decisions about how they attempt it. Beatrice Joannas plan involves murder, whereas the leave behind Duchess merely lives the life she chooses, then plots to leave Malfi. Both women are forced into their actions, but, whereas Beatrice Joanna is Machiavellian in her actions, the Duchess is morally superior. Webster based his play on a real-life 16th Century scandal where a widowed Duchess remarried for love and did so beneath her class. The widowed Duchess had certain advantages and freedoms that the younger and unmarried Beatrice in The Changeling did not. The Duchess had signifi cant wealth and independence, and she need not answer to a father or a husband. She no longer had the burden of protecting her virginity and the stigma attached if it was lost. Beatrice, on the other hand, had little sexual freedom, and she had to answer to her father and to the man to whom she was engaged. However a the Duchess, and Beatrice were designate to subject to a patriarchal and male-dominated society. Upon her capture the Duchess declares I am Duchess of Malfi still (4.2.141). She is a duchess only in name. In the end in both tragedies, it is the men fathers, brothers, suitors, and the Churchwho rule by physical force and by law. Moreover, both women are driven by their passions and further choose to defy society by attempting to love who... ...d such harm and destruction. In the end it is Beatrice herself who says it was love that forced her to kill. She ultimately made that moral decision. She confessed to Alsemero at the plays conclusion, To your bed scandal, I stand up innocent, Which even the guilt of one black other deed Will stand for proof of your love has made me A inhuman murdress (5.3.63). Therefore, our sympathies lie with the Duchess, who only desired to live the life she chose. She does her best to protect those she loves, hiding Antonio and caring for the safety of her children to the very end. She murders no one, and before her death forgives all. She is a most noble duchess and a true heroine.

Attitudes Towards Women in Fragment VII of Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Attitudes Towards Women in Fragment VII of Canterbury Tales One of the most prominent themes in Fragment VII of the Canterbury Tales is the attitudes of the pilgrims towards women. There are twain distinct sides in the dispute that women are simply objects of lust that must never be trusted, and that women are highly respectable and loving. The Shipmans Tale starts off this grapple with his depiction of women, which was less than favorable. The woman who is depicted in this tale is the wife of a merchant. She is non treated well by her husband, but certainly is not trustworthy or honorable herself. She sells her body to the best friend of her husband for a measly 100 francs. Her faithfulness to her husband was worth only a few extravagant garments for her to wear. It is her greed for these material goods that drives her into cuckolding her unsuspecting husband. Her worldly desires are more important than her marriage, and in the end she is hardly punished at all. S he does pick out to keep her husband from finding out, by saying that the Monk was simply repaying his debt and she used the money to buy some clothes. So, she gets away with a crime that would go for dealt her a far greater punishment. This outcome, while it certainly wasnt perfect for the wife, was much less than she deserved. The Prioress steps in with the next tale, and takes a much unalike view. The Prioress herself is a very humble and well-mannered woman, as she is described in the General Prologue. She is also extremely compassionate towards all of Gods creatures. Her tale is a tribute to the greatest woman of all, the Virgin Mary. While it is a tribute to the Virgin, the focus of the story is more on the little boy and his widowed engender. The mother is greatly distressed at her sons disappearance, and is eventually led by Jesus himself to the place where her son has been tossed. The idea that Jesus himself was consorting with this woman and answering her prayers makes a bullocky statement. Jesus certainly would not aid an evil person, so this widow must have been virtuous and humble.

Essay --

Kristy HuynhJanuary 7, 2014Period 2The Poisonwood Bible Independent Study1.Choose a line of achievement that contains striking imagery. Analyze the passage and explain the effect on the work as a whole. Clearing a rain forest to plant annuals is like stripping an animal archetypical of its fur, then its skin. The land howls. Annual crops fly on a wing and a prayer. And even if you manage to get a harvest, why, you need roads to tear it out Take one trip overland here and youll know forever that a road in the jungle is a sweet, flat, impossible dream. The solid ground falls apart. The earth melts into red gashes like the mouths of whales. Fungi and vines throw a blanket over the face of the dead land. Its simple, really. Central Africa is a rowdy ball club of flora and fauna that have managed to balance together on a trembling geologic dwelling for ten million years when you clear score part of the plate, the whole slides into ruin To be here without doing everything wrong req uires a new agriculture, a new sort of planning, a new religion (524-525). Adah acknowledges what her founding father has done wrong and his inability to realizes his faults. The African land that the family has set food on cannot change according to their desires and attempting to do so only damages it more. Kingsolver illustrates that many an(prenominal) do not seem to realize the impact of going into a country and asking them to change their religion, way of developing food, or their education system. Those attempting to colonize do not see the destruction that they are doing. Africa to Adah has been born like this, and have managed to balance together on a trembling geological plate for ten million years. This demos that balance has already been achieved in the views of the Africans and livin... ... ridiculous to Anatole that we have fruits and vegetables that are grown somewhere else and then driven miles and miles to the supermarket. The clash of the two cultures makes me honor if the American way is better. It is pretty ridiculous that people cant grow their own food and only rely on the labor of others. Although I appreciate and enjoyed reading about a world in which I have no experience, the imagery in the book was more than enough to show me that I would not survive a day living in Africa. Kingsolvers vivid imagery and attention to detail hooked me the first a couple of(prenominal) pages. (Like how the family wanted to bring the Better Crocker cake mix). The different detail from each of the Price sisters presents Africa and allowed me to piece it together. I was also able to identify myself with each of the sisters. I see myself as Rachel, Adah, Leah, and Ruth May.

Rip Van Winkle and the American Dream Essay -- Rip Van Winkle Essays

In Rip van Winkle, Irving shows his doubts in the American Identity and the American dream. After the Revolutionary war, America was trying to develop its own course. They were drop off to govern their own course of development however, some of them had an air of uncertainties on their own identity in this new country. Irving was born among this generation in the newly created United States of America, and also felt uncertainty about the American identity. Irving might be the writer that is the least positive about being an American. The main designer for this uncertainty is the new born American has no history and tradition while the atomic number 63 has a great one accumulated for thousands of years. Therefore, in browse to solve this problem, Irving borrows an old European tale to make it take place in America. This tale related to the Dutch colonists haunts the kaatskill mountains. In order to highlight the American identity, Irving praises the majestic mountains which Europ e lacks. He describes the mountains that their summitswill glow and light up like a crown of glory Nevertheless, the use of these ancient explorers into Rip Van Winkle only to show that although American has formed its own identity, no one can cut its connection with Europe. No wonder when America was til now under tyranny of the British rule, some people still cannot cut the blood relationship with Europe. Therefore, the American identity is blurred by their relationship with Europe since then. Rip doesnt cha...

Ukraine: Facts :: essays research papers

Ukraine FactsUkraine is a state in Eastern Europe, bounded on the north by Belarus, on thenorth and east by the Russian Federation, on the west by Poland, Slovakia, onthe southwest by Hungary, Rumania, and Moldova, and on the south by the BlackSea and the Sea of Azov.Ukraine includes the Crimean Autonomous Republic, which was elevated from anoblast to a constituent republic in 1991.Kyiv is the capital and largest city.Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe after Russia. The total area ofUkraine is 603,700 sq. km (compare the area of France - 551,000 sq. km Germany- 356,000 undischarged Britain - 244,000 Italy - 301,000 Spain - 505,000). The areaspanned in a west-east direction is 1300 km from north to south - 900 km.The population of Ukraine is 52 million (Germany - 78 million France - 56million gigantic Britain - 58 million Italy - 59 million Spain - 40 million).Ukraines state border extends for a total of 7698 km with Russia - 2484 kmBelarus - 952 km Rumania - 608 km Po land - 542 km Slovakia - 98 km Hungary -135 km Moldova - 1194 km. The total length of Ukraines sea coast is 1758 km(Black Sea - 1533 km Sea of Azov - 225 km).The climate of Ukraine is moderate-continental in the southernmost component part ofthe Crimea the climate is sub-tropical. The largest river of Ukraine is theDnipro, which is 2201 km in length, of which 981 km flow through Ukraine. Thelargest mountain system in Ukraine is the Carpathian Mountains that extend formore than 270 km and are 100-110 km wide. The highest poll is the Hoverla (2061m).GovernmentNames conventional long form none conventional brief form Ukraine local longform none local short form Ukrayina former Ukrainian Soviet SocialistRepublicDigraph UPType republicCapital Kiev (Kyyiv)Administrative divisions 24 oblasti (singular - oblast), 1 autonomousrepublic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto)with oblast status** Cherkaska (Cherkasy), Chernihivska (Chernihiv),Chernivetska (Cher nivtsi), Dnipropetrovska (Dnipropetrovsk), Donetska(Donetsk), Ivano-Frankivska (Ivano-Frankivsk), Kharkivska (Kharkiv),Khersonska (Kherson), Khmelnytska (Khmelnytskyy), Kirovohradska(Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivska (Kiev), Luhanska (Luhansk), Lvivska (Lviv),Mykolayivska (Mykolayiv), Odeska (Odesa), Poltavska (Poltava), RespublikaKrym* (Simferopol), Rivnenska (Rivne), Sevastopol**, Sumska (Sevastopol),Ternopilska (Ternopil), Vinnytska (Vinnytsya), Volynska (Lutsk),Zakarpatska (Uzhhorod), Zaporizka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrska (Zhytomyr)note names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs fromoblast nameIndependence 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)National holiday Independence Day, 24 August (1991)Constitution using 1978 pre-independence constitution new constitutioncurrently being draftedsound system based on civil law system no judicial review of legislative actsSuffrage 18 years of age universal joint

Ukraine: Facts :: essays research papers

Ukraine FactsUkraine is a state in Eastern Europe, bounded on the north by Belarus, on thenorth and einsteinium by the Russian Federation, on the west by Poland, Slovakia, onthe southwest by Hungary, Rumania, and Moldova, and on the south by the BlackSea and the Sea of Azov.Ukraine includes the Crimean sovereign Republic, which was elevated from anoblast to a constituent republic in 1991.Kyiv is the capital and largest city.Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe after Russia. The total celestial orbit ofUkraine is 603,700 sq. km (comp ar the area of France - 551,000 sq. km Germany- 356,000 Great Britain - 244,000 Italy - 301,000 Spain - 505,000). The areaspanned in a west-east direction is 1300 km from north to south - 900 km.The population of Ukraine is 52 million (Germany - 78 million France - 56million Great Britain - 58 million Italy - 59 million Spain - 40 million).Ukraines state border extends for a total of 7698 km with Russia - 2484 kmBelarus - 952 km Rumania - 6 08 km Poland - 542 km Slovakia - 98 km Hungary -135 km Moldova - 1194 km. The total length of Ukraines sea coast is 1758 km(Black Sea - 1533 km Sea of Azov - 225 km).The climate of Ukraine is moderate-continental in the southernmost region ofthe Crimea the climate is sub-tropical. The largest river of Ukraine is theDnipro, which is 2201 km in length, of which 981 km flow through Ukraine. Thelargest mountain system in Ukraine is the Carpathian Mountains that extend formore than 270 km and are 100-110 km wide. The highest peak is the Hoverla (2061m).GovernmentNames conventional long form no(prenominal) conventional short form Ukraine local longform none local short form Ukrayina former Ukrainian Soviet SocialistRepublicDigraph UPType republicCapital Kiev (Kyyiv)administrative divisions 24 oblasti (singular - oblast), 1 autonomousrepublic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto)with oblast status** Cherkaska (Cherkasy), Chernihivska (Chernihiv),Chernivets ka (Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovska (Dnipropetrovsk), Donetska(Donetsk), Ivano-Frankivska (Ivano-Frankivsk), Kharkivska (Kharkiv),Khersonska (Kherson), Khmelnytska (Khmelnytskyy), Kirovohradska(Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivska (Kiev), Luhanska (Luhansk), Lvivska (Lviv),Mykolayivska (Mykolayiv), Odeska (Odesa), Poltavska (Poltava), RespublikaKrym* (Simferopol), Rivnenska (Rivne), Sevastopol**, Sumska (Sevastopol),Ternopilska (Ternopil), Vinnytska (Vinnytsya), Volynska (Lutsk),Zakarpatska (Uzhhorod), Zaporizka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrska (Zhytomyr)note pertains in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs fromoblast nameIndependence 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)National holiday Independence Day, 24 August (1991)Constitution using 1978 pre-independence constitution new constitution presently being draftedLegal system based on civil law system no judicial review of legislative actsSuffrage 18 age of age universal

In-N-Out Burguer Essay

Describe In-N-Out in terms of the value it provides for customers. Throughout the years, the restaurant chain In-N-Out has accomplished excellent customer service and satisfaction. Moreover, their customer service is now classified among the top rated when compargond to other fast food restaurants that be within In-N-Outs range of service. Presently, the profit they are making is comparable to, if not higher than Burger King and McDonalds. Many experts reviews confuse favored In-N-Out because they are known for giving customers secret menu items, which overall helps increment customer value. In other words, the famous secret menu strategy is bringing back not only its original customers but also their family and friends. label In-N-Outs performance relative to customer expectations. What is the outcome of this process? In-N-Out has performed well when it comes to filling customers expectations. Thanks to the great performance offered by the restaurant they have ordained adverti sement by their own clients. In other words, their own customers promote the food and service of the restaurant saving the chain millions of dollars in TV advertisement. They are now famous for providing Quality you can taste as well as an original formula that remains un transposed.Another fact to their success is that, they have never changed their menu or freshness of the products. Millions of people talk about the freshness and tastefulness of the food and are always planning to return within days. Do you think In-N-Out should adopt a high exploitation strategy? Why or why not? I believe In-N-Out should remain with their slow growth strategy. This particular chain of restaurants has definitely gone beyond expectations. The truth of the matter is, a regular business with such strategy would have failed within the low gear three years. However, In-N-Out has exceptional in accomplishing what seems impossible to other fast foods such as McDonalds. The chain of restaurants it is no t found in every state, so when a traveler is near one there is a high chance they will try it. With so many another(prenominal) customers drawn into In-N-Outs no change philosophy, why dont more burger chains follow suit? Each burger chain has its rules and strategies, for them to adopt the no change rule means many of their owners would have to agree. Since such philosophy is not the most common successful one the likelihood of them converting is not high.

Why Are Men and Women Different – Psychological Reasons

It is generally said that hands ar from Mars Women are from Venus. Although both of them belong to the human species, they very ofttimes differ from each other, physically, as well as, mentally. Since the start of the human civilization, there has been a never-ending debate if men and women do actually differ or not. They may be equal, but, its certain that they are not the same. Men and women differ physically in the several obvious ways.For example, an comely man is taller and heavier than an average woman Men have more bodily hair than women Men have larger hearts and lungs Women have breasts to feed the offspring, etc. These physical variances are a result of differential hormonal secretion. The mental differences are a result of the progress in the human life. When humans lived in the forests, at the beginning of the Human life, men and women werent much different mentally. Each individual, invariably of whether that was a man or a woman, hunted for feeding himself/herself .The major difference was that women were getting themselves trained at multitasking, by guarding the young ones, as they hunted. They also scored well in teaching, as they taught the survival skills to their children. The forest life ended as they began to form groups and live under the shelter of the caves. There was a change in the lifestyle, since man decided to keep his woman safe at dwelling i. e. the cave. This also helped women in improving their multitasking skills as they cleaned the place, took care of the children and communicated with the neighbours.This also accounts for their excellence in speaking. Men were out to places As a result, they got acquainted with locales better than women. They find routes as they needed them for their next hunt. As a result, they were (and are) in effect(p) in remembering routes. Contrasting multitasking women, men are exceptionally good at concentrating all over a single task. This follows from the regular hunting routine which requ ired a lot of concentration and patience to wait until the right time has popped up.As a result, men were better at focusing on the task at hand and completing the job, before moving on to the next one. This also indirectly reduced the speaking skills of men by making a physical change in their brain. The concentrate on responsible for concentration was not big plenteous to accommodate the improvements in focusing skills. So, it needed to be expanded. But simply expanding the concentration centre would increase the brain size, thus making it crucial for the (male) bilks head to come out of the mothers womb. Hence some adjustments are to be made before it could be enlarged.The speaking centre was chosen to be decreased, so as, to increase the centre for concentration due to the fact that being noiseless is one of the most important qualities of a good hunter because the slightest sound made would easily hint the prey. This is why men hardly speak one-third times as much as women p er day. Men are good at some chores while women are good at some other. It is important to recognize that neither is better. They are simply wildly different. It is important to accept and respect the differences. This will bring up a better understanding in relationships and eventually improve the quality of life.

How My Optimism Helps Me Overcome Obstacles

Alyssa McCutchen Period 6 3/15/12 How My Optimism Helps Me Overcome Obstacles Optimism is such a funny thing. It has the capability to help you solve some of the most challenging and troublesome problems youll ever face in your entire life. This is exactly what optimism does for me. I generate had some of the most challenging and troublesome things happen to me and using optimism during those times really helped me through them, and I honestly dont imply I would have made it through all of those times without using optimism.During those times optimism came to me in any and every way, shape, or form. It would come to me if the sun was shining outside, from a verse in a song, from a text I would get, or sometimes even from playing a silly board game to become the time. All of these things helped me to learn that can do attitude. That attitude where you feel similar you can fly if you want to, that you can reach the highest peak in the tallest mountain, or that no matter how bad yo ur situation may be itll get better. That attitude that come ons optimism at its greatest.When I was a little girl, there was unendingly this one specific person that made me such a positive, energetic, and hopeful little girl. That one person happened to be the one and only Dr. Seuss. He was such a motivational person to me as I was growing up and he still is today. Everything he said stuck to me like a magnet, and made me think long and hard about what he was recounting and what it meant to me. There was this one quote he said that has stuck with me ever since I was little, and it goes a little something like this, Now Ive heard there are troubles of more than one anatomy.Some come from ahead, some come from behind. But Ive bought a big bat, Im already you see. Now my troubles are going to have trouble with me. When I hear that quote I feel like Dr. Seuss is trying to say get up Wipe that dust off of your back, stand up straight, and gear up a smile on your face. Look your o bstacles in the eye and show them that youre not going to back down. That youre still as positive and strong as ever, and that you will never give up. Although a bulk of that quote resembles perseverance, perseverance wouldnt exist without optimism.Optimism is such a funny thing. It has the capability to put a smile on someones face, to put a spring in their step, and to overall brighten there day. My own mother is a prime example of this. My mom has what is called congestive Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure is the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow. Because of this my mom happens to be disabled, and cant work or do a lot of physical activity. Even though she has so many reasons to be negative about life, she refuses.Instead, she focuses on being a good, positive role mannequin and mother to my Sister, and I. As Elbert Hubbard once said, Optimism is a kind of heart stimulant- the diagnosis of failure. Optimism has brought me through some many things in m y life, and Im sure it endlessly will. Because I know this, no amount of obstacles can knock me down. The Greek philosopher once said, Happiness depends upon ourselves. As for me, I choose to be happy because I know I have optimism and that alone is more than enough.In the words of William Ward, Every person has the power to make others happy. Some do it simply by immersion the room, others by leaving the room. Some individuals leave trails of gloom, others trails of joy. Some leave trails of hate and bitterness, others trails of love and harmony. Some leave trails of cynicism and pessimism, others trails of faith and optimism. Some leave trails of criticism and resignation, others trails of gratitude and hope. What kind of trails do you leave?

Qualitative Research Methodology Essay

In this essay I am going to express my apprehension of the key principles of soft search. In order to understand the nature of qualitative look for, we must primarily look at the constructivist ontology and the catchivist epistemology, which will allow us to develop an understanding of the mount in which the qualitative methodology is conceptualised. Furthermore, I will look at the question design process and the inductive nature of this native, value laden procedure.I will then go on to look at the principles of qualitative research, with point on the concepts of trustworthiness and authenticity from a qualitative military position, which laughingstock overhaul sociologists gain Verstehen with individuals. To conclude my essay, I will look at the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research, making reference to specific methods. Ontology and Epistemology questioners utilize qualitative methods of inquiry trust that companionable phenomena ar constructed through human interactions and not determined by governing laws.This is known as the constructivist ontology and aims to understand how a affable phenomenon is created through interaction and intersubjective meaning. From their perspective, they believe that social actors create the social world through interactions as opposed to objectivists who believe that social structures determine individual actions and behaviour (Bryman, 2004, p. 3-25). This constructivist ontology makes to be investigated using an interpretivist epistemology, and by understanding this epistemology we brush aside therefore appreciate the key principles of qualitative research.By using interpretivism and an inductive form of inquiry, sociologists aim to understand how individuals construct meaning. For interpretivists, subjectiveness is incredibly important due to the subjective nature of individuals, and they try to gain Verstehen. They would see value neutrality as unnecessary beca usage it is impossible to gain Verstehen with unwrap using qualitative methodologies (Berg, 2007, p. 19-52). The Inductive Research Process To conduct qualitative research, you would primarily need to select an area of research and research questions, and in this sense the face of question ou select will guide your research process.Qualitative research is inductive, so it does not require an initial hypothesis, unlike quantitative research. This is because behavioural and socio-cultural patterns come out of the closet over time and in some cases are not noticed until after the research has been conducted. After selecting an area of interest, the detectives would need to decide on the research setting and establish what method/s they will use to conduct their research (Bryman, 2004, p. 265-290).There are more methods that can be used in qualitative research, which, according to Strauss and Corbin is used to describe any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by heart of statistical procedures or other means of quantification (1990, p. 17). The police detectives themselves play an important part in the research process as they bring their values to the research, which complements the interpretivist epistemology. Researchers piss to be aware of the ethical guidelines set out by the British Sociological Association (BSA).Researchers have to take into consideration professional integrity, anonymity, privacy, confidentiality and informed consent (unless research is conducted covertly). Covert research has ethical implications if the research is not important and in the publics interest. The researchers are in a sense a tool used to collect primary data, and the tractile nature of qualitative research means they are not bound by a rigid process and can adapt their research when needed. The lowest stage of qualitative research is writing up findings.Research results can be compiled to form a book, journal, article or report (Bryman, 2004, p. 61-82). The Principles of Quali tative Research Qualitative research looks at the micro sociological condition. That is, qualitative researchers like to study people in their natural environments. This means that qualitative research is context specific. Qualitative research is concerned with the quality of the social research and aims to be explanatory by looking at the interaction between variables. You can mother expert help with your essays right now. Find out moreQualitative researchers want to understand and explore social situations through generating descriptions from on-site ceremonials and interviews. Qualitative researchers focus on understanding patterns and themes as stated by the author of Jones International University web site The real world is complex qualitative research focuses on the elements of that complexity emotions, meanings, symbols, motivation, thought processes, feelings, patterns and themes. Qualitative research seeks to make sense of this world by finding meaning through the eyes o f participants. (http//www. jonesinternational. edu/schools/courses/edu793. hp)Using qualitative methodology, researchers are able to give critical accounts and descriptions of socio-cultural phenomena which do not need to be conveyed quantitatively. In contrast, quantitative, positivist, deterministic research generalizes findings to the whole population and aims to be conclusive by discovering governing laws (Bryman, 2004. p. 3-25). There are also many other methods qualitative researchers can employ, for example, focus groups, interviews and case studies. After the researcher has decided on the methods, they need to conduct their research. Qualitative researchers are not bound to one particular research method.They can use a variety of different methods if their research requires them to. This use of multi methodology is called triangulation (Berg, 2007, p. 19-52). Qualitative research design is circular. Qualitative researchers needto repeat and adapt their design to suit the f low of their research. After selecting their methods and collecting their data, researchers need to analyse their findings, which can be done in various ways. For example, the research findings would need interpreting this can be done by linking data to a larger sociological context and generating concepts.Findings can also be analysed by detecting patterns and trends in the data. This can be done by using textual analysis, such as coding using computer software such as MaxQDA (Bryman, 2004, p. 398-416). There are different theoretical approaches involved in qualitative methodology, for example naturalism, ethnomethodology, emotionalism and postmodernist research. Each approach is used as a means of interpreting social phenomena by using a value laden perspective where a researcher applies his/her own values to a social context through an unscientific, flexible process and finally an in-depth, subjective methodology.These principles shape the methods used for qualitative research as they compliment both the constructivist ontology and the interpretivist epistemology. I am now going to discuss some of the different methods used by qualitative researchers that turn in these principles. Qualitative Methods Qualitative data collection can be conducted through observations. actor observation is one of the most common methods for qualitative data collection. Participant observation has strong authenticity provided it does lack in repeatability as the research is difficult to reproduce in the same way.There are many different ways of conducting participant observation, and it typically requires the researcher to become a participant in the culture or context being observed. Participant observation is often longitudinal the researcher needs to spend long periods of time with the focus group to be able to gain a natives point of view. Participant observation can be conducted either overtly or covertly, depending on the nature of the research. Covert participant obse rvation involves the researcher hiding their true identity and motives of their research from their subjects.This is effective in socially sensitive areas, such as deviant or criminal subcultures, where a researcher can gain Verstehen by using qualitative research methodologies (Hammersley and Atkinson, 1995, chap 8). An example of observational methods is ethnography. Ethnography focuses on the sociology of meaning through observation of socio-cultural phenomena typically, the ethnographer focuses on a small group or community and uses largely participant observation. This research method was employed by the University of Chicago during the 1920s and 1930s.Robert Park, an important augur at the University of Chicago in the 1920s, encouraged students to go outside and collect primary information by using observational methods to study social phenomena Go and sit in the lounges of the luxury hotels and on the doorsteps of the flophouses sit on the Gold Coast settees and on the slum shakedown sit in the Orchestra Hall and the spark advance and Garter Burlesque. In short, gentlemen, go get the seat of your pants dirty in real research (Park, cited in Prus, 1996, p. 103-140).Overt participant observation contrasts with covert, as the identity of the researcher and intentions of the research are known to the group being studied. Researchers using this method will often record their findings by making detailed field notes this, however, can become difficult if the research requires them to take a covert stance, as their cover may be jeopardized if they were recording their findings in mien of the group. Qualitative research analysis is dependent on building interpretations of the research to gain authenticity and trustworthiness.This may be difficult because of the subjective nature of this method, but due to the ideographic nature of individuals and the interpretivist epistemology, this would not be an issue for qualitative researchers, who ultimately aim to ga in Verstehen. Conclusion In conclusion, while this approach can be criticized by positivists for its subjective nature and lack of empirical methods, it does, however, offer a more in-depth perspective into individuals and their lives. Qualitative research is rigorous and highly subjective because the researchers investigation is overly influenced by the views of the researcher involved.Also, qualitative research does provide a way of extracting more complex, in-depth and comprehensive information from social contexts that would be difficult to retrieve using quantitative methods. However, this methodology has been criticised by positivists and the objectivist ontology because of the value laden perspective it takes. If the researcher does have any preconceived ideas of the findings, it may cause bias in the results and therefore affect the authenticity of their work.Also the researcher may misinterpret the social phenomena they are studying and therefore have difficulties establish ing the real meaning of that particular social situation. Qualitative research can also be criticised because of its lack of representativeness of the larger population, as qualitative research typically deals with micro social issues that cannot be generalised to the wider population because they are context specific. However qualitative researchers would see this as an advantage because they require a deeper understanding in order to gain Verstehen.Another criticism would be that qualitative methods are also very expensive to conduct, mainly because of the amount of time it takes to interpret data and conduct observational studies. Despite these criticisms, qualitative research is a flexible, in-depth form of enquiry that is not dominated by statistics or rigid research methods. It is largely dominated by the constructivist ontology and the interpretivist epistemology which believe that the social world is built upon actions and interactions. Researchers adopt this qualitative app roach to enable them to form Verstehen with their research topic or group.

Five-Part Short Film Series, the Hire: Case Analysis of BMW

With many viewers of The postulate series asking for much defraud take ups and even some asking for a full length film what is the best option for B MM to take in society to one(a), maintain the market sh be they have gained through the series, and dickens, intention to incr liberalisation their general market sh are. Four options have been set o UT by BMW as logical next steps for the auto manufacturer. As already stated two of the optic ions is to either release 5 more short circuit films before there are copycat films made by other man effectuates or to create a full length film at a lower place the same premise.Continuing, another route the at BMW can take is try and milk their premiere series of short films and try to further their ma fetor share generated through those films. Lastly BMW could do nothing in terms of The Hire save instead go back to their traditional marketing techniques and move on the short film tech queue as a success and not continue. However BM W will have to ingest the correct path and choose quickly as their competitors will be trying to regain the market share that BUM W may have stolen from them.In early 2000 BMW had a sextette month window with not one future products bee Eng launched an opportunity presented itself for BMW to launched a non tradition anal marketing campaign not steeringed on one individual product. After deliberation BMW decide deed on a viral marketing campaign with the ending result being the short film series starring their own 7 series. BMW is now faced with the problem as stated earlier on how to o forth after such a success. One problem facing BMW is the idea of copycat marketing ca meanings by competing auto manufacturers that mirror the campaign of BMW.As stated I n Warren Michelle article Calling all Copycats, When BMW Canada introduced its shoo art film, drive, last September, it not only created a sensation among Toronto International elm Festival auditory senses, entirely also rais ed the bar for Canadian marketers. Furthermore, Mimic hell went on to conclude People were tactual sensationing around for newness and here was a wonderful example. two are statements are amplifying the shift in marketing that companies must dad t do in order to stay in competitive and pertinent in the new age of marketing.The acceptance and even the overwhelming approval of the BMW campaign shows that consumers are area day for this shift and are showing smartness and need for uniqueness. However with stain g those two character traits BMW has created its own issue with cigareting the segment the eye have ( younger generation) that if they were to try and milk the headmaster series or Cree ate more films, if full sustain or not, that they need to stay unique and need to create something g new for those who are receptive to new products and marketing techniques.However, I do conceptualise that Bums strengths complements this segment wonderfully. To legislate, as stated in t he Case initiationd on Bums market researched consumers of the BMW blade are state e who tended to be leaders, who worked hard,played hard, and arrive atd a lot very early in life and with BMW being performance driven and there short film being based around someone who is leading someone to safety they are able to remunerate someone psychological needs. Further remorse, people who tend to be receptive to new products tend to be leaders in their world an d BMW products are for those powerful leaders.Firstly, one must contain all of the pros and cons to the options that BMW h as put forward to make an informed decisions on what the best course of action is. Beginning, BMW has the option to try and expand the audience for their first series of short fill ms and try to increase the positives that it provided. This is done by opening up The Hire to a wider audience by leave behinding the series to go to DVD or even allow it it to be seen in o there forms like theaters and other we bsites. BMW will essentially be using the short films as a cash cow and milk as much influence over the public that it can provide.This option allows f r a relatively low exist approach that still can increase Bums market share while allowing BMW to focus on their approaching releases of the 2005 models. However, I do retrieve that there are some negatives to this approach. For one, it opens up the door to competitors to be utter on what BMW did basically making their films obsolete in that segment This same coco renounces happened when copycats showed up during BMW first Z campaign when t hey placed their car in the crowd together bond film goldenly, a technique that jaguar would become very attuned with.I controvertve that BMW must stay in their segment and strive for uniqueness ND for inventiveness. Continuing option two for BMW is to create another set of SSH rot films that continue on the story arc that was created in the first series. As stated in the c ease article more than 90% of viewers pleaded BMW for another set of short films continuing with Clive Owen returning as the driver. The positive behind such an approach that the actuate meet that was generated will be able to carry over to a second series plus they are able to SST ay in the lower cost range without having to use millions of dollars to create a full length film.Furthermore, it lows BMW to use the same metrics they did with the first series which create sees an easier route to the end goal. However, as I have stated above BMW much look to sat y reuse In their advertising because that is what drew so many to the first films and prop died the positive blowback from the films. Also if copycat marketers were to start creating their own films Bums films may get lost in a sea of material and their depicted object could get undo ermined if a competitor was to make better content.Despite the drawbacks of copycats B MM may be able to use that in their favor if they are able to release their second set of short fill s before the market gets saturated. If BMW was able to get to market first then there con .NET would be able to stand above to others while still looking unique and have the other co monitors have their content undermined. Doing this would allow BMW to maintain the Pearce option and attitudes that consumers have of them that they are a innovative brand, plus they will be able to maintain a halo effect with the positives of The Hire influencing the perception of the second series of film.In an overstated market, a positive perception is key. Thirdly, at the request of several of viewers of The Hire rise, BMW has the option of making a full length film based on the same story that was told in the first film s. Such interest has been shown for a full length film because how much people have invest d in the character of Clive Owens and they would like to see a full story told about the James Bond queues character.One of the main drawbacks that faces BMW with the develop memento a full length feature film is the costs associated with creating a 2 hour film that is o n par with the quality that was presented in the first 5 short films. However, one of the posits eves to such an undertaking is that BMW is able to stay new and unique in a market that is go Eng to become very saturated. Plus need for uniqueness and innovativeness are two character restricts they represents their market base and they need to satisfy those characteristics.Co intriguing, the last route that BMW may be able to take is the least cost and easiest for them to complete, do nothing. The option allows for BMW to focus on more traditional marketing the at they have been consistently good at and they will be able to bring more focus back on t he individual products that they will be launching in there near future instead on just grow Eng the BMW brand alone. Furthermore, with more focus on the products they will be able t 0 focus On the competitive advantages that their pr oducts have over the competition because e they will be able to go deeper into the product features then the short films did.The DOD inside of BMW gong back to tradition marketing ands not continuing with the short films is the at theyre missing out on the opportunities that the short film series brought and they c an still grow their brand further of the first series and any upcoming films that they could do in the future. Summarizing, BMW has 4 different ways that they can tackle the problem ahead of them each with their positives and negatives outcomes. The Decision criteria that BMW must focus on and base their decision on is the at of what option allows them to grow their brand the most without giving up to m such.BMW must consider the resources and cash that they need to happen in order to act on EAI chi option and whether the inputs justify the outputs. Secondly, BMW must consider how the y will be perceived by the target market that they have segmented. Will the route they take be positively or negatively impact what the consumer think of the BMW brand. L ghastly, BMW must insider that the characteristics of their consumer if people who look for new and unique products and any option they take must register with these characteristics or they may lose what they gained through the excitement generated by The Hire.In summation, I believe the option that BMW should take the option of release Eng 5 more short films to complete the series and then advertise DVDs with the co meet ten bring out series. Believe that this is the best option for BMW because it allows them to capitalize on the hype generated by the first set of films plus it is giving the consumer what hey ask for. Furthermore, because they have already interpreted this route they will be able to generate the second series with relative ease and have a lower cost than creating a feature film.In addition, by releasing a DVD set that includes the first set Of films they are still able to milk the influence those films have. However the most grave aspect of choosing t his option is making sure they release the films quickly and before any competitors start FL doing the market. I believe in order to achieve that BMW must start producing the films right away and tot be as extensive with their build up to the second set of short films as they were the first.I believe that if done correctly BMW can further cement themselves in the pup err echelon of the luxury car manufacturer market. In the words of Mcdowell Weve always belie feed that the future belongs to the nimble. You see this in our cars, and you see this in our marketing. There are several acts of corruption that need to be punished justly but I believe that the act that is the worst for the government and the public is conflict of interest.

Enron: the smartest guys in the room Essay

Enron Corporation was an energy, commodities, and service friendship protrude of Houston, Texas founded by Kenneth Lay in 1985. Lay built natural gas power energy in East Texas which helped Enrons stock rise. Louis Borget, Andrew Fastow, and Jeffery Skilling were the top management executives from 1985 until 2001. Each helped to bring round the demise of the company in multiple ways. One of the first scandals in Enron involved President Louis Borget and two tackrs were discovered betting on Enron Stocks. The company books were altered to inflate profits so that the company appeared to be much productive that it actu entirelyy was. Borget was diverting company m onenessy into personal offshore accounts. Auditors tried to uncover the problem, but Borget and the traders had a separate set of books that they kept from the auditors. Kenneth Lay, who was aware of this wrong practice, and encouraged Borget to continue making us millions, two months later the separate set of books wer e brought to the appareligators and Enron fired the two traders and Borget had to serve one year in jail. subsequently his biggest capital maker was put behind bars Lay needed to find him a new money maker. So Lay hired Jeffrey Skilling to be the CEO. Jeffrey Skilling would only accept job if Enron adopted a mark-to-market accounting strategy. Mark-to-market accounting allowed the company to book potential profits on certain projects immediately aft(prenominal) contracts were signed, regardless of the actual profits that the locoweed would eventually make. This gave Enron the ability to look like they were a profitable company. Skilling put together a performance check out committee that graded employees and fired the bottom fifteen percent each year which made the employees very competitive and created a very tough works environment. Traders were very aggressive and they made it to where if you wanted to be in the market you didnt have a choice to deal with Enron. Trading beca me the main inform profit for Enron.Skilling hired two guys that became his top lieutenants Lou Pai and Cliff Baxter. They were known as the Guy with Spikes. Baxter was a very smart guy and was Enrons Chief deal maker. He was manic-depressive and best friends with Skilling. Pai was the CEO of Enron Energy Services. He wasvery mysterious guy who employees say was never in the office. Pai only seemed to care about two things, money and strippers. He would bring strippers into the office and would put everything he spent in the strip clubs onto an expense reports to be reimbursed by Enron. All of Pais time in the strip clubs caught up to him and caused him to get a divorce. Once he got a divorce he sold all of his stock and resigned from Enron. He came out of Enron better than anyone cashing in his stock and receiving approximately two hundred and fifty million dollars. The division of Enron that Pai ran confused a total of around one billion dollars which was covered up by Enron.Enr on had success in the bull market brought on by the dot-com bubble. Enrons stock prices increased to learn prices. The games was called pump and dump top executives would pump up the stock prices and then sell their million dollar options. Everyone at Enron was consumed with the stock price. Stock prices were even stick on in the elevators for everyone to see. Enron launched a PR campaign to make itself look profitable even with all aspects of the company in operation(p) poorly. Skillings philosophy was to take juicy risks because these deals would make more money. One of these high risk deals was building a power plant in India, which nobody wanted to do because India could not spread the high prices. The company lost a billion dollars on this project but that fact was covered up by Skilling. The company paid out multi-million dollar bonus to executive on non-existent profits. Enron bought out Portland General Energy which gave them access to the deregulated market of Californ ia.All of the employees in PGE had bought their stock so when Enron took over all of the stock PGE stock became Enron. The Portland General Energy workers had always invested their 401k into stock which converted to Enron. These employees continued to purchase stock because of their trust in Enron. Enrons main penury for buying the company was to operate in California since they held the highest demand for energy in the United States. Enrons traders would trick Californias electricity put up and export the energy to another state causing California to have blackouts. By California having these black outs they raised the energy rate in the state. Although Enrons stock prices were steadily rising, the company was losing a lot of money. Skilling turned the companyinto cyber space. They attempted to use broadband technology to deliver movies on demand and trade weather like a commodity. Both of the marketing strategies failed miserably. By using mark-to-market accounting they booked 5 3 million dollar in earnings on a deal that didnt make a penny. Once they figured out they could not hide the companys losses, the top executives started selling their stock. Enron was named the intimately admired corporation by Fortune magazine for the six years in a row. Jim Chanos, an Enron investor, and Bethany McLean, a Fortune reporter, both questioned the companys monetary statements and stock value.McLean tried to talk to Skilling about the irregularities but Skilling went on the defensive calling McLean unethical. Skilling sent three executives to meet with her and Fortunes editor including chief financial officer Andy Fastow. Andy Fastow was the main one keeping Enron running. He was cooking the books making it look like Enron was making a profit even though the company was more than 30 billion dollars in debt. Fastow created two limited partnerships, LJM1 and LJM2, for the purpose of buying Enrons poorly performing stocks to improve its financial statements. Fastow had to go before the bestride of directors to get an exemption to run these two companies as well as Enron. This was a definite conflict of interest. He also had personal financial adventure in these companys either directly or through a partner. He made millions of dollars defrauding Enron. He pressured the investment banks such as Merrill Lynch, Citibank to invest by threatening them with loss of Enrons business if they did not. He had analysts fired who threatened to report Enron for wrong doings. A good sound moral philosophy constitution was established when Enron was formed.The problems occurred when the policy was not followed. By not following the ethics policy put in place, employees and management were encouraged to take risks thereby further unethical behavior which ultimately brought down the company. Enron went bankrupt in 2001 due in large part to widespread fraud in company operating policies. The top executives were the main ones practicing unethical behavior in the company. By the top executives behaving unethically lower level employees followed their example. As long as Enron was making money no one cared how they went about doing it. In 2001, these unethical actions over the past decade and half caught up with Enrons top executives and employees. Twenty thousand employees lost their job, medical insurance and employees also lost1.2 billion in retirement funds. Enrons top executives were paid bonuses totaling 55 million and cashed in their stock at approximately 116 million dollars. Even though some of the executives made money in the deal they had to face criminal charges which placed some in prison and some still have pending cases.If Enron has survived their collapse in 2001 and I were to be a consultant for Enron, I would make sure that the code of ethics booklet that all employees read and signed before taking the job at Enron were followed. Employees and executives would have to take part in ethics training to be sure that they under stand the book completely. Enron would have to have commitment from all of the executive positions to follow these rules and also enforce them even if the unethical actions were making the company more money. There would have to be a zero tolerance rule in place that everyone understood. All employees acting inappropriately would be reprimanded as established in the code of ethics booklet.Work citedEnron The Smartest Guys in the Room. Dir. Alex Gibney. By Alex Gibney, Peter Elkind, Bethany McLean, and Peter Coyote. Magnolia Pictures, 2005

A conflict situation

A conflict situation I had been in was with iodine of my closet co worker or at least I thought we were close. My co worker and I was always communioning behind the store manger back when he wasnt looking, but then a new assistant manager position came up and my store manger was looking at me to possibly fill the position. My co worker really didnt like the fact that my store manger was looking at me so my co worker told my manger that I was make fun of him for a long time and he even that cameras to prove it.My manger didnt give me the position he gave it to my co worker, we didnt talk to each or not even look at each other for months. Thats what causes a convert conflict. With him and me not talking it made him pull that he was wrong about what he has done about the situation. A few months goes bye and finally my co worker said he was worrying about what he done and the only reason why he did it was because he was about to became a dad with twins babies and he needed the spec ie bad.So at the end I forgive him and I told him that he should have just told me and we would have never gone this long without talking to one another. With the conflict that I had with my co worker I wish I use the cardinal problem-solving stages of conflict resolution, because if I did I really believe my co worker and I would have never gone so long with speaking to one another. I would recommend everyone to use these steps to solve either conflict you top executive have with another person because you might not get another chance to make things right again.I really hark back when a person is using use the five problem-solving stages of conflict resolution, there should be nothing but a positive outcome in any situation. I also believe that if it doesnt want out that you probably really didnt want to give another chance to solve the conflict. The five problem-solving stages of conflict resolution gives you every chance to make up with that other person even with the last s tep is to learn and accept the fact that it might not work or you can just start the steps over .

Health Care Information System Reflection Essay

In my previous job with a checkup examination clinic there were deuce main technology arrangements that were used on a passing(a) basis. These governing bodys were CITRIX and MainFrame and were a necessity for the medical clinic in allege for all to communicate. Of course there was also email that was used a daily basis throughout the medical clinic. On the CITRIX system is where all the patients entropy was stored from their office visits to the billing information as well as the demographics. All employees that dealt with any of the patients information had access to this system and they were qualified to update it for the patient in real time so that everyone who needed access to the most current information had it. On the MainFrame portion of the main system that the medical clinic used is where the claims were able to be adjusted and all of the billing information was stored. This is also where the employee would be able to transfer medical records or any other informati on that was needed by the insurance companionship to the insurance company for further claim processing.There were also other systems that the employee would absorb to log on to in order to review medical records on a patient but employees had limited access to this health attention information system due to the privacy of the patients. This system was the Allscripts system that the medical clinic used. The information within this system was the medical records of any visits that the patient had and also the medications that were prescribed to the patients. Information was shared throughout the organization as all employees that had to receive this information or obtain it would be able to do so from their data processor in their office or at their desk.The departments that used these systems the most would be the doctors offices and the billing departments. They needed to have access to this information in order to treat the patients correctly and to make sure that the claims w ere billed justly to the insurance companiesso that the providers could receive reimbursement for their services in a timely fashion. It was also used in order to handle patients calls regarding any issues they may have with the billing information they had received in the mail.

Age and sex discrimination Essay

The terms ageism and sexism were coined to the highest degree the same time (1969 and 1970, respectively), that sexism has become more(prenominal) widely used than ageism (Schick, 20067). Almost everyone has heard of sexism. Until recently, a couple of(prenominal) race had heard of ageism. Both concepts refer to prejudice or discrimination against a form of people sexism is usually directed against women, and ageism is usually directed against the aged. However, aroundwhattimes sexism is directed against men (by some ingrained feminists), and ageism is sometimes directed against younger people (positive ageism, Palmore, 1990 44). impairment is a controvert locating toward a category of people that is inaccurate and resistant to change. Discrimination is an inappropriate treatment of a category of people, usually based on prejudice (Atchley, 200117). Sexism and ageism combine in all possible shipway a few areas show neither one, more areas are affected by one tho not the other, but most areas are affected by both. There may be some areas with neither ageism nor sexism, although it is hard to think of each area completely free of such prejudice.In some areas in that location is sexism with little or no ageism. For example, it is generally believed that women of any age should not splice men younger than themselves, but it is all right for men to marry women younger than themselves. This is a main reason why there are over five times as galore(postnominal) widows as widowers over 65. On the other hand, in some areas there is ageism but little or no sexism. For example, many people believe that most white-haired people are feeble or senile, regardless of gender. The fact is that the majority of people over 65 are neither feeble nor senile.In most areas both ageism and sexism combine to intensify the problems of overageer women. For example, women of all ages tend to moderate lower berth incomes than men (sexism), but middle-ageder women also tend to drive even lower incomes than younger women (ageism). This smirch is often called double jeopardy because of the have effects (Schick, 2006 99). Sontag (1972) coined the term double standard of aging. This refers to the cabal of sexism and ageism that multiplies the effects of both, more than would be expected on the basis of simply adding the two effects.For example, existence physically attractive is more important in most womens lives than in mens (sexism) and there is a common belief that older persons are generally not as attractive as young people (ageism). However, womens grey hair, wrinkles, bulges, and stooped bodies receive harsher judgment than those of men. For many women, aging fashion a humiliating process of gradual sexual disqualification (Sontag, 1972 30-35), while many men enjoy more romantic success later in life because they have more status, money, and power than they had earlier.As a result, being a spinster or old maid is considered a pitiful status, while being an older bachelor is not so bad. Notice that there is no male equivalent of old maid. It may be objected that many older women do not mind this sexual disqualification and adjust to it by renouncing all interest in sexual activities or by becoming lesbians. This is true, but beside the foreshadow. The point is that sexism combined with ageism tends to enforce this sexual disqualification whether or not the woman likes it (Levin and Levin, 2000210).There are many sources of ageism individual, social, and ethnical (Palmore, 199051). The individual sources include authoritarian personalities, frustration and aggression, selective perception, rationalization, and death anxiety. The social sources include modernization, competition, obsolescence, segregation, and selffulfilling prophecies. The cultural sources include the process of blaming the victim, differing value orientations, language, humor, songs, art, literature, television, and cultural lag.There are proba bly just as many sources of sexism that have been documented and analyzed elsewhere (Friedan, 1963 107). The most popular sources of sexism that expect to increase in old age are humor and language. Negative deceptions about women of all ages are common. However, jokes about old women seem to be relatively more frequent and more negative than those about younger women (Palmore, 199053). As any student of racism or sexism knows, negative humor is one of the most common and effective ship canal to perpetuate negative stereotypes about a minority group.One reason negative humor about a group is so common and effective is that it is passed off as just a joke or harmless humor. In fact, negative humor is rarely harmless and is especially insidious because its crime is masked by its overt funniness. Thus the age-concealment jokes reinforce the stereotype that all older women are shamefaced of their age, while older men are not. It may well be that somewhat more old women are ashamed of their age than are old men (because of the double standard of aging), but that is beside the point.Similarly, the status of old maid is generally considered more negative than that of old bachelor, but that too is beside the point. The point is that such negative humor reinforces prejudice against older women. One of the most subtle but permeant influences of culture on our attitudes is our language the words we use to identify or describe a person or group the derivations, definitions, and connotations of the words their synonyms and antonyms and the context in which they are used. Our language often supports ageism in all of these ways (Palmore, 199057).In addition, two analyses of words for elders have found that many of them also resile sexism. hatch (1998) found that terms for old women have a much longer history of negative connotations than those for old men, because women not only faced a long history of ageism, but also sexism and unearthly persecution (as in witch hunts) (Covey, 1998291). How can this malevolent combination of sexism and ageism be combatted? In general, most of the strategies that have been successful in reducing racism and sexism in general could be used to reduce the combination of sexism and ageism.Individuals can take the following actions to reduce prejudice and discrimination against older women 1. Inform yourself so you have the facts to combat the misconceptions and stereotypes. 2. Examine your own attitudes and actions and try to eliminate those that reflect sexism and ageism. 3. Inform your relatives, friends, and colleagues about the facts, especially when some prejudice is expressed or implied. 4. Do not tell ageist or sexist jokes and refuse to express feelings when you hear one. (Try converting the joke to an age- and sex-neutral joke by not specifying age or sex.) References Atchley R. 2001. Social forces and aging. Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Covey H. 1998. Historical terminology used to represent older people. Ge rontologist, 28. Friedan B. 1963. The feminine mystique. New York Norton. Levin J. , & Levin W. 2000. Ageism Prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Palmore E. 1990. Ageism Negative and positive. New York Springer. Schick F. (Ed. ) 2006. Statistical handbook on aging Americans. Phoenix, AZ Oryx Press. Sontag S. 1972. The double standard of aging. Saturday Review, 55 (39).

Research Project Essay

entreeThe purpose of this psychoanalyse is to study the extent to which the strategies utilise by Nandos in the recent nook energize been orderive. For the topic to be extensively searched, the search proposal has been split in to the following objectives.* Identifying the guest rump of Nandos.* Investigating if and how the turning point affected Nandos. * Analysing strategies pulmonary tuberculosisd by Nandos in the corner.An investigation of Nandos performance since and during the inlet exclusivelyow need to be under happen uponn. This would need to be compared to its performance prior to the recession in order to investigate the issuing of the recession on Nandos. Firstly, the proposal bequeath first curb out an in sense literary productions review to investigate relevant theories and information related to the look objectives outlined higher up. Building on the findings of the literature review, the query externalise and strategies bequeath be formed t o investigate from each one of the preceding(prenominal) objectives. During the tier of this study, ethical and practical issues in relation to the research altogether forget excessively be con military positionred. Nandos embeded in 1987 is a casual dining restaurant with a Portuguese theme. It originated from South Africa and is now operating in 30 countries on 5 continents. It specializes in whiner dishes with divergent souses such(prenominal) as lemon and herb, medium, zealous or extra hot Peri-Peri.In just about countries, they in any case offer other flavor options the like mango and lime, lemon and herb, or Mediterranean (Nandos 2009, p.4) The restaurant began in 1987 when Robert Brozin and Fernando Duarte bought a restaurant called Chickenland in Rosettenville, southern Johannesburg. They renamed the restaurant Nandos after Duarte. The restaurant incorporated influences from former Portuguese colonists from Mozambique, many of whom had settled on the south-east ern side of Johannesburg, after their homelands independence in 1975. (Nandos 2009, p.4) Nandos is famous for its flame-grilled Peri-Peri chicken which is served either in quarters, halves and unit of measurements.It overly serves burgers, pitas, salads, wings and wraps. In some countries, Nandos sells chicken livers, Espetada and the Cataplana. (Nandos 2009, p.2) Nandos also manufactures a range of sauces which are sold in Nandos restaurants and in supermarkets.These include Peri-Peri sauces, marinades, cooking sauces and a Peri-Peri Essence. (Nandos 2009, p.2) In 1992 Nandos entered the United Kingdoms restaurant application with its first restaurant in Ealing, London and now is operating with its several branches around UK. In 2009 Nandos UK was awarded terzetto Stars in the Best Companies Annual Accreditation Awards becoming the only entrant in the large companies category to earn the three star rating. (Harmer, 2010)Literature ReviewCustomer Base accord to Edwards (2010) customer base of an organic law includes all the customers that organisation servers. One of the close classical ways to establish a successful task is to build a unfluctuating base of customers who stick with the tune done with(predicate) thick and thin. A solid customer base becomes the put ination on which a business grows. Business one shotBusiness Cycle is defined as a cycle of series of different patterns of contraction and expansion of real GDP. A complete business cycle consists of five different casts and all(prenominal) country has to go through each phase in order to achieve its kick. A complete business cycle from peak to peak is shown in the graph below. (Arnold 2008, p.151). (Arnold 2008, p.151)Phases of The Business CycleThere are five different phases of a business cycle which include the peak, contraction, though, rec all overy and expansion. (Arnold 2008, p.151) A complete business cycle is measured from peak to peak. crown at the peak of the busi ness cycle real GDP is temporary high. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Contraction this phase re enters the declination in the real GDP. This phase is known as the recession phase. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Trough this phase represents the low straits in the real GDP just before the starts to addition back again. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Recovery this phase represents the phase when the GDP is rising back towards the sign peak.Recovery phase begins from trough and extends up till the initial peak. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Expansion the expansion phase refers to the increase in real GDP beyond the recoverypoint. In this stage the GDP increases the initial peak. (Arnold 2008, p.151) No country lav stay in the peak phase for long time even the developed countries. The best any country can do is that they can go straight from contraction phase to expansion phase and skip the trough and recovery phases. ecological nicheharmonize to Wiegand (2009) recession occurs when a countrys gross domestic product (GDP) the value of all the reported goods and services produced by a country goes down for two or to a large(p)er extent uncoiled quarters which means for six months or more(prenominal). (p.18) The above mentioned definition was considered very simple and standard so on November 26, 2001, the National Bureau of Economic search gave a different than standard definition of recession. agree to the NBER, recession is a satisfying decline in activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale retail trade. (Wiegand, 2009) Ordinary recession symptoms are quite depressing. People buy less stuff be come they feel less confident active making in the future. Factories make less stuff because people are buying less. It can be harder to get credit. Unemployment rises and stock market falls.DepressionA recession when gets out of control turns into a depressive disorder resulting in the countrys GDP drops by more than 10%.(Wiegand, 2009) Real life ideals of great depression that happened in USA and Finland are * From 1929 1933, the GDP of the United States decreased by 27%. * do work 1937 1938, the GDP of United states decreased by 18%. * In 1990s, after the Soviet Union aviate apart the GDP of Finland dropped by 11%. The above progressn examples when compared by the global recession of 2001 in which the GDP decreased by 0.6% give the idea of the critical situation of 1930s. (Wiegand, 2009)Impact of street cornerAccording to King (1997) the recession had two different but related impacts * The realization that competitive nation require competitive government stimulated experiments to reform government structure and systems. * The failure of many of these experiments to deliver forgetful term benefits has led many to distrust the traditional processes and rhetoric of governments.While recession exposed both(prenominal) businesses and governments to new global forces, nosiness responded more flexibly than government. (p.269)Causes of RecessionThe reasons which cause the GDP to decrease and so result in recession are classified into two types which are impertinent Causes of RecessionExternal causes include misusing of those same factors which are used by the government in tackling the recession. Recession is generally caused by the excessive application and misusing of different governmental economic policies like fiscal or monitory policies. On rare occasions, there can be other types of external shocks such as oil trade embargo of 1973 74, but usually the cause of recession that does the real damage is the fiscal or monetary policies. The most prominent example of external cause of recession is the severe monetary control sometimes referred to as cold turkey monetarism. (Klien 2002, p.133)Internal Causes of RecessionInternal causes of recession are probably more important than that of external causes of recession. These are the excesses, imba lances and distortion that develop within the structure of the economy itself as the expansion unfolds and cause consumers to cut back on their buying and business executives to cut back on production and employment. For example an excessive build up of inventory, an imbalance in price cost movements that flummoxs on a remuneration squeeze and excessive demands for credit that drive the rank beyond variable level. (Klien 2002, p.133)Strategies used by Governments to trash RecessionThe modes used by the federal government to try to pull the economy out of recession are discussed belowSetting Fiscal PoliciesAccording to Wiegand (2009) fiscal policies are basically the guidelines the government follows to ingest and spend the tax money. Governments in order to tackle recession it can take the following step * Cut Taxes so people and businesses keep more cash for spending on goods and services. * Increase disbursement on government projects to boost employment. * Widen safet y net programs such as unemployment insurance. Adjusting Monetary PoliciesAccording to Wiegand (2009) governments can regulate economy by manipulating the supply of money. Governments can use the following measures to control the recession in the economy* Lower the amount banks bring forth to keep in reserves.* Lower the interest rates on loans.* Buy treasury bonds and loans that private entities made.Strategies used by Businesses to combat RecessionAccording to Vickers (2006) Businesses in order to recession proof its business in case of economic slowdown should follow the strategies give below * Diversify its business.* Offer extraordinary customer service.* Intensify its marketing activities.* Adopt latest technology.* stick to focused towards long term goals and objectives.* Look for new ways to be innovative.Recession and Chicken/ Burger prevention MarketThe worldwide recession has affected most markets and the chicken/burger bar market is no exception. Mintel (2010c) shows the chicken and burger bar market was worth 4.014m. However, in 2008, roughly when the recession came to the fore, this was down to 3.781m and was estimated to fall further yet.Recession and NandosA study suffered in December 2010 based on the opinion of 1,966 people vulcanised 16+, suggests 7% of people falling in the category visit Nandos. Furthermore, for the age group 15-24, this ascertain rises to 19% (Mintel, 2010a). This would seem to suggest that Nandos appeals more to a younger age group. However, one must take into consideration that the sample of 1,966 may non be a sufficient representation of the UK existence. Nandos are tend to target a young age group an idea backed up by the savor of Nandos radio campaign aimed at 18-35 year olds (Mintel, 2010b). This point is further backed up by Nandos popularity amongst celebrities (Sawyer, 2010). In addition, Mintel (2010a) also suggests that, largely, visitors toNandos are inclined to be from the C1 and Urban Prosperity s ocio-economic groups. Although there was some archival selective information on the customer base of Nandos, it is not sufficient for the purposes of this research.Building on the data found during the literature review, this study declare oneself look more closely in to the customer base of Nandos. due(p) to lower consumer spending influenced by the recession, Nandos in the UK made a loss of 23m in only 36 weeks leading up to February 2009. However, straight offors of Nandos also citied rising ingredient costs as factor (Paskin, 2010). The loss of 23m over 36 weeks during the recession would seem to suggest that the recession has negatively affected Nandos. The Mintel (2008 and 2010c) reports showed that there was no significant change in Nandos market share in the period when recession was in progress. The research envision lead consent to for the reasons behind this loss to be analysed in detail. Nandos financial reports volition be demand to look comprehensively at thei r financial performance and the driving forces behind any major changes.The effect of the recession on Nandos may well have been reduced due to the brand name world perceived honest and sincere (Opoku et al, 2007). Nandos has continued to expand through the economic downturn, planning 20 summing up openings and David Niven giveing to open up to 200 more within 5 years (Wootton, 2010). Another strategy explored by Nandos was the move towards being eco-friendly, underlined by unveiling the first branded UK restaurant to use its own countervail cooking oil as a solitary power source (Wootton, 2009). Another tactic employed by Nandos was to make a commitment to offer healthier options in their menu (Eversham, 2008).Nandos strategy of not taking note of recession and expanding will need to be further looked in to. Their initiative towards their cater and providing healthy options will also be investigated and the effectiveness of it analysed through the research methodology. Also, Nandos made a vow to make no redundancies in the recession which seems to be to keep up staff morale. And, as Moore (2010) suggests, HR methods are a major contributor to business profitability and this is a factor which is gaining more and more weight. This strategy seems to have paid some dividends with the award of three stars in the Best Companies Accreditation Scheme 2010 (Harmer, 2010).Research MethodologyDefinitionResearch methodology in research methods refers to the study of specific techniques, tools or procedures utilise to achieve research objectives. Research methodology includes types of data, types of study, sources of data, research tools etc. used in order to care the research. (Dillman, 2000)Purpose of ResearchResearch QuestionThe research is being conducted to answer the following research questions* What is the customer base of Nandos?* If and how the recession affected Nandos?* What are the strategies used by Nandos in the recession? In order to answer the res earch question above the methodology used to carry out the research includes the followingNature of StudyIn order to answer the research questions this study will require both exploratory and explanatory strategies at different points. Exploratory strategy is unavoidable as there is not enough information available about the research topic in hand as this type of research on Nandos has never been conducted before and is done for the first time. So in order to fulfil the research objectives information about Nandos is needed to be explored to investigate the effect of recession on Nandos and different strategies used by Nandos to tackle recession. (Dawson, 2002) Explanatory strategy is required as the relationship of the research findings must be established and explained in the research. (Dawson, 2002)Research onion plant plantBy considering the research objectives and the literature review of the research project a clear structure of the most suitable research methodology for the research is developed. Through each layer of Saunder et al. (2007) research onion model the most assign research methods, approaches and strategies are adopted for conducting the research in order to answer the research question. The different layers in Saunders et al. (2007) researchonion model are shown in the figure below all the layers will be idiosyncraticly discussed to explain the reason behind selecting a particular element for this specific research.Saunders et.al (2007) Research OnionResearch PhilosophyAs shown in the figure above the first layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research philosophy. Considering the research objectives interpretive approach is selected as the relation between Nandos and its customers is needed to be determined in order to answer the research question. Positivism approach is also considered as the research also required qualitative and statistical data in order to correct the research findings.Research ApproachAs shown in t he figure above the second layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research approach. The research figure of speech will mainly be deductive as the use of be literature and information on Nandos will be required to form a hypothesis which will be extensively investigated through uncomplicated research methods. However, due to an apparent miss of specific existing research on some of the topics, an inductive approach will also be taken to help in respond the research objectives.Research StrategiesAs shown in the figure above the third layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research strategies. The research strategies employed in order to bundle up data for the research included the Survey, converse and Archival research. selective information collect specifically for this research which is primary data will be collected through survey and interview enchantment secondary which includes already published data will be collected through archival rese arch. (Bates, 2005) A survey will be conducted a questionnaire is programmeed in which direct formal questions will be asked from the customers of Nandos.The questionnaires will be distributed among the customers of Nandos according to the principles of random sampling as according to Saunders et al. (2007) a suitable sample from the whole population canproduce the results representing the whole population. The research strategy also includes intercept interviewing in which an private personal interview of the branch manager will be conducted which will also include direct formal questions.Research ChoiceAs shown in the figure above the fourth layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research choice. The research choice for this research is Mixed Method as the research design will aim to collect and analyse both qualitative and quantitative information. This will allow for triangulation and, as Saunders et al. (2009) suggest, triangulation helps improve the credibili ty of findings, making them more valid.Time HorizonAs shown in the figure above the fifth layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the Time Horizon. Time horizon chosen for this research is jump Sectional as all the data required to answer the research question will be collected just once and the whole research will take a month to complete. A Gantt chart is given in the appendices outlining the timetable of key activities for the project. The total research work is divided into 10 different tasks where some of the activities overlap as some of their components are inter linked.Research PlanThe research design will mainly be deductive as the use of existing literature and information on Nandos will be required to form a hypothesis which will be extensively investigated through primary research methods. However, due to an apparent lack of specific existing research on some of the topics, an inductive approach will also be taken to help in answering the research objectives. Furthermore, this study will require both exploratory and explanatory strategies at different points. The research design will aim to collect and analyse both qualitative and quantitative information. This will allow for triangulation and, as Saunders et al. (2009) suggest, triangulation helps improve the credibility of findings, making them more valid.Phase 1 Archival ResearchFirstly, mainly existing information on Nandos will be examined in order to investigate whether Nandos had indeed been affected by the recession. This part of the study will be deductive and exploratory. As regards to establishing the customer base of Nandos, credible databases such as Mintel will provide useful information which will help in the formation of the questionnaire and also aid in the sampling imperative information on variables such as demographics and age groups. Furthermore, reports on Mintel such as the ones examined in the literature review, can help in identifying the affect the recession ha d on visitors. There are reports available which discuss and analyse who visits Nandos, and other such egresss which were briefly explored in the literature review.Some of these reports, which have the same variables, were composed before and after the recession respectively and the differences will be closely examined to determine patterns. Archival research will provide key information in both quantitative and qualitative form which will help develop primary research methods and ultimately answering the objectives. The financial reports will provide quantitative information. The figures before, during and after the recession will be analysed through find the changes in profitability, for example, to establish if and to what extent the recession affected Nandos.Newspaper articles and the reports on databases such as Mintel will provide qualitative information. However, one must keep in mind that some of the data collected may be out dated and hence possibly not be relevant and br ing in to question the validity of findings. The quantitative findings of this phase will be analysed by the use of graphs and other such tools to show trends and patterns. (Researchers Contribution)Phase 2 QuestionnaireFollowing the analysis of data collected through the archival research, the next step will involve questionnaire conducted with Nandos customers. A questionnaire was chosen as a data collection tool as it can be carried out, in theory in any case, over a large sample in a reasonable amount of time, hence allowing generalisability (Saunders et al., 2009). This method will not only aim to establish Nandos customer base but also how, if at all, the recession has affected their attitudes towards Nandos. The questionnaire will be quantitative focused but will also provide opportunity to collectqualitative data. In constructing the questionnaire, the analysis of the existing information on the customer base of Nandos found through phase 1 will be vital. The questions will be formed dependant on the type of customer base Nandos has i.e. age group or socio-economic group. The population for this data collection method will be Nandos customers.As mentioned before, Nandos has over 200 outlets in the UK. Ideally, every Nandos customer that visits every outlet would be part of the sample. However, this is not feasible and getting a sample that will allow generalisability is vital (Saunders et al., 2009). Since there is not a database of specific Nandos customers, the sampling in that regard will have to be probable in the form of random sampling. The customer assistants will be told to offer every customer the rule to deal out the unforced questionnaire. However, elements of non-probable sampling will also be present as the Nandos outlet that will be targeted for the questionnaire cannot be selected dependant on key variables identified through phase 1 such as outlets with high number of visitors and location among others due to lack of resources.The o utlet that will be selected will aim to be the most accurate representation on Nandos. The questionnaire will aim to cover the three types of variables, suggested by Dillman (2000), which are behaviour, opinion and attributes. The idea of offering an incentive to fill out the questionnaire may also be explored, however, this could lead to customer not answering honestly in order to get the incentive and hence hurting the validity of findings. The questionnaire prepared for the research is attached as an appendix.Phase 3 Interview with ManagerThe next step of the research will be to conduct a series of interview with a commercial manager within Nandos. An intercept interview of an individual was chosen. As discussed in the literature review, Nandos made a commitment to staff to make no redundancies and, in basic terms, to stand by them. As with the questionnaire, the sampling for the interviews will have elements of both probable and non-probable elements. From the ancestry included in the sample for the questionnaire commercial manager will be asked to participate in the voluntary interview. They will be told the purpose of the study and the fact that the study is required for educational purposes.To reduce thechance of bias within the interview, the interviewee will be offered anonymity (refer to 4.0 for further discussion on ethical issues). The interview will be structured as this will help answer pre prepared questions and will be preferred by the interviewee as it will be quick (Saunders et al., 2009). Some key themes for this interview will partly be derived from the results of the questionnaire. Interview questions can be found in the appendix. This method will provide qualitative data, by using open-ended questions, which will be further analysed. (QSR International, 2010).Practical and Ethical IssuesIn every stage of this research, there will be practical and ethical issues to bear in mind, as is the case with most research studies (Saunders et al., 2009). The major practical issues relating to data collection are access and reply rate. The sample for the questionnaire will look to select outlet that have a high volume of customers to increase the chances of a high response rate. As regards to data collection, all participants will be informed that union is voluntary and all data collected will be used in compliance with the Data Protection Act 1998.Saunders et al. (2009) state that budget and time constraints prevent surveying a whole population and the sampling will look to overcome these constraints by selecting a sample which balances budget and time while giving a credible response. Another ethical issue was in relation to the interview with the mangers of Nandos outlet. Participants will be required to fill out a brief consent form, outlining the voluntary participation and ensuring anonymity where necessary. A brief consent form is given in the appendices.

Legalization or Decriminalization of Drugs

The legalization or decriminalization of drugs would be beneficial to society through dissimilar ways. The government would collect taxes on them which could divine service with various expenses such as education expenses. Through disparate pharmaceutical companies it set up be controlled as wholesome as ensure quality which facilitates drug users from receiving bad product. It could free up space in prison or jails and allow more than(prenominal) room for concentration of other important crimes that are winning place in society. On the other hand, the legalization of drugs could as well harm society.It could be utilise more by individuals and coiffe individuals to conk less alert to the important things in society. This could also cause harm to kids. So we have to understand that there are pros and cons to the legalization as well as it could be beneficial as well as cause harm in many of ways. When this comes into consideration, the pros and cons should be weighed befo re a final decision is made. Yes I do consider alcohol a drug. It can become addictive as well. It causes a high just same as drugs.It most significantly causes a wobble in individuals behavior when to much alcohol is consumed. Certain alcohol levels can become very dangerous at times. It can be more dangerous than illegal drugs. I do look at that some alcohols are safer than others. An individual must also know their limits of how much alcohol to consume. This is sometimes hard in many situations which sometimes draw out to various addictions and crime. Sometimes it can rase lead to death when wholeness has received too much of the wrong alcohol. This is known as alcohol poisoning.Without prohibiting alcohol, I believe that there is already a great control on alcohol already victorious place. You leave behind not be able to get rid of it. The besides thing that you can do is maintain certain laws and standards that are to be abided by to keep it under control. The drug trad e will always exist. There will be drug users as well as drug dealers. TV shows and films in my opinion act out what is already present in real vitality situations. The only difference is one is physical seen in everyday life versus the other shown on television.I do not believe that all images on TV of drugs and alcohol be banned. Theses situations should be shown. Sometimes by watching these shows and watching some of the out comes can cooperate one turn or change to a more positive path in life. On the other hand it can cooperate those who were considering it, maybe to not participate or become users. Just like everything else, individuals will always fork out to blame there problems on something or someone, but we have to remember that everyone makes that choice to do sound or wrong.Television shows a lot of what is already happening in the streets in homes. Instead of spirit at it causing more harm than good, it should be looked at it as a guide to help turn from those wa ys. Yes I believe prostitution is a crime. If two individuals would like to endeavor in interchangeable sex, than they can do that with out prostituting. Some are, not in their right state of mind as well as know the difference between right and wrong. If a man or charwoman would like to sell sexual favors, that should be there right just as long as it is mutual and not in the public view.Two adults that are capable of making decisions about their life should be allowed to make them as long as it does not cause harm to them or anyone else. whoredom on the streets is nothing that should be exploited because of the dangers and harm that could follow if things are done as mean or expected. Children are alert to all of their surroundings and what goes on in society. Sexual transmitted diseases as well as AIDS is floating on and being passed from one individual to some other uncontrollably. present again without prohibiting it, I believe there is a great control of sexual explicit ma terials on the internet. It is on television, in magazines, as well as viewed on tapes and cds. So it will be showed one way or another. No I would ever approve of the online sale of sexually explicit photos of children even if they are artificial images shaped by computer animation. Children are sensitive and are still coming into the fellowship of growing into young mature productive adults in society. They are not learning how to become another statistics in society of crime.This would not be a positive aspect that would be beneficial to them in life. This as well would not lead nor guide them in how to have respect for their bodies as well as others. We should also understand that because there are predators out their in the world we should not help them cause harm to children. I believe that both statements are accurate. Although sexually aggressive men are drawn to pornography a man who is not so sexually aggressive would murder that arrange eventually as he continue to wa tch as well as read more and more pornography.Men sexual drives are strong at times. There excitement levels are different in many ways. When a manfinds something or sees something that excites him, he continues to want that as well as wanting(p) to reach more exciting levels. Through pornography they are also able to full englut such levels as fantasies. When men become aggressive their focus is usually one thing and that is to reach their peek. Sometimes this means by any means necessary. Now some men needs more than pornography. Pornography is only satisfying for a while.After this point they actually try to turn and create those fantasies with someone else. Some women are faced with the same issues. I believe that there are various views on this issue. I due believe that in various ways there are aim standards of morality. Others believe that there are not any objective standards. Many believe and argue that generally those individuals that have a relationship as well as an involvement in Christianity are the ones who believe that there are objective standards. They believe that these objectives were written back in the days that God created the disco biscuit Commandments.

Contemporary Service Provision For Children And Young People

This analyze go away transgress information ab off different pieces of legislation including command Act (1944), The bloody shame Warnock Report (1978), and eery pip-squeak Matters (2003). The essay is as soundly going to handle The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) 2007. In whitethorn 1940 Britain had been at war and in brief afterwards Neville Chamberlain who was conservative Prime Minister was forced to resign out-of-pocket to the lack of confidence in his party. He was later replaced by Winston Churchill.In October 1940 Herwald Ramsbotham who was president of the Board of Education, met with senior officers to discuss the Prime Minister Winston Churchills ideal of establishing a state of nightspot where the advantages and privileges which hitherto have been enjoyed only when by the few, shall be far more widely sh atomic number 18d by the men and youth of the realm as a whole (Taylor (1977) cited in Gillard, 2011, p2). After discussions with Winston Churchill the boards proposals became kn proclaim as the special K Book this was then formed a piece of legislation which is now known as The Education Act 1944.It was later discussed that in that location should be three stages of education which would be primary, secondary and further. Which is still in place in todays society (Gillard, 2011). This is good because tikeren are now taught with stages and it is also a bad idea because not all squirtren rise through the stages, some children will understand one topic more than another or there may be a child who was to have a mark offing difficulty and then this would mean that the child will develop when they are ready and it may not be in stages they may take longer or they miss a stage and jumping to the next stage .Once this was brought out they then end the real differentiation mingled with elementary and secondary (Gillard 2011). In 1941 Rab Butler who was president board of education introduced devoid secondary education which hap pened for the first time in the UK (Parliament UK, 2012). Since the 1944 act has been brought out this has been reviewed three times since and there are now three Education Acts in place. Before the war there was no save secondary school education you had to overcompensate and only the upper class families were qualified to pay for the facilities (Aldrich, 2002). only after the war the society had changed and the government wanted to try and make life better for everybody (Lowe, 1988). They did this by introducing drop off secondary education, and they also introduced council houses so that the lower class families were able to have a stable pedestal office for themselves and their children. The government also introduced free health fright, so that if the children or adults adopted any medical worry they were able to get this free of charge. At this time, the government introduced the 11 plus test.Most of the time the children who came from a richer play down ended up in the private fee paid schools, and the children that were in the lower class families ended up in the less advantaged schools (Lowe, 1988). The 1944 Act recognised that childrens education should be based on their age, talent and ability. However, as kids ( 2006) points out the 11 plus came to be seen as a test that discriminated strongly, if not deliberately, against the working class (p. 93) From discussing the Children Act this essay is now going to go on to discussing the Warnock Report.Mary Warnock was involved in Special Educational Needs (SEN). She is now known as Baroness Warnock. The Warnock report looked at the statementing of children and also looked at whether children with a SEN could be taught in mainstream schools. Putting this in place made it so that there was menial specialist school provision available. This report highlighted that children who had a special education need, were more likely to be bullied in a mainstream school. However this isnt always the case a s not all children with an educational need will get bullied in a mainstream school.If the child had behavioural difficulties then there is a longer time for the statement process. However when the report was renewed in 2005, Baroness Warnock stated that statements arent a good idea and should only be retained as a safety net (Douglas Silas Solicitors, 2012). From discussing the Mary Warnock Report this essay is now going to talk about the Green Paper Act which is also known as Every Child Matters. Every Child Matters Green paper (2003) was published shortly after the death of Victoria Climbi and was put in place to change childrens operate.This legislation has tail fin nominate outcomes that will help children in child hood through to later life. The five key outcomes are make reliable children stay safe, enjoy and achieve, be healthy, achieve economic well-being and making a positive contribution. The framework made sure that the multi-agency partnerships such as health visito rs and social services were put into place so that it gave children the best opportunity to succeed to their full potential and bring out the best in children. From the Every Child Matters Green Paper legislation this then led to the first appearance of Common Assessment Framework which is also known as (CAF).By bringing this in it made sure that all of the agencies working with children understand the individual needs for the children. CAF forms led to meetings which brought together the agencies which made sure the Ever Child Matters plan is met and followed (Department for Education, 2012a). Following on from the Green Paper this essay is now going to beat discussing the Early Years foundation stage. The Early Years Foundation Stage was introduced in 2007 and was made unconditional from 1st September 2008.This was then revised in 2012. The aim was to set the standards for learning, development and care for children from the ages of pay to five years. This piece of legislation is in place to help children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes which were listed above. The EYFS does this by setting the standards and making sure that all children are achieving whilst they are in the care of the setting and makes sure that the children make progress and that no child gets go away behind (Department for Education, 2012b).The EYFS addresses equal opportunities by making sure that every child is included and not left out because of their ethnicity, culture or religion, gender, home language or family background and any learning difficulties the child may have or their ability. The EYFS aims to crap the framework for partnership working. They do this by working with the childrens parents and professionals and they pass on information between the settings that the child attends.The EYFS also improved the quality and consistency for children by getting rid of the existing frameworks, and providing the floor for the inspection and regulation regime. ev entually they laid a secure foundation for future learning, this meant that the child care practitioners were planning to meet the individual needs of the children. They also carried out regular observations on the children so that they were able to recognise if there are any changes in the childs development. It could be suggested that these outcomes have a big impact on the way the setting is fiddle.Without these outcomes the nursery setting wouldnt know where they are at with assessments. However it could be argued that there is some degree of difference between settings and practitioners as to how well the planning and assessments are carried out. The EYFS is a central part of a ten year childcare strategy that was bought out in 2007. This shows that legislation isnt always going to work and sometimes will need reviewing so that it can be made better and more up to date. However sometimes they founding fathert change anything it is just a review to make sure that everything is still being run the same.Within the EYFS the work for all practitioners are thronged into four distinct but complementary themes which are a unique child, making sure the children have positive relationships, having enabling environments which means that the nursery has to have glary displays up and look welcoming and also making sure that the children are learning and developing at the right stage of their development. Since the Early Years foundation stage has been introduced it is now known that children enjoy and learn more when learning through play (Pramling-Samuelsson and Fleer, 2009).It is important that the children are able to make their own choices and left to look by themselves as long as they are safe this is how most observations are done, during the childs natural free flow play. By this you are then able to see how the child interacts with other children, what they enjoy doing, the way in which they explore and also what they found out from playing/exploring. F rom this the practitioner is then able to plan and implement from this to encourage the children to learn.A good free play posing offers a rich play and learning experience for children. It allows each child to progress at his/her own pace, it gives children practice in choosing, and in dealing with the consequences of choice, and it encourages a more flexible and open-ended use of the groups resources. Like all genuine freedom, however, it takes a lot of effort (Henderson 2010, cited in Lewis, 2011, p 1). However some children are more advanced and would prefer learn at a faster animate doing written work rather plan playing.On the other hand it is good because it does give children chance to explore and learn at their own stage rather than them feeling like they are being bucket along along. Which means the child will learn to be strong and independent which will be learnt through loving and secure relationships with parents/carers. Children also look at displays at bottom the setting to support their development This essay discusses how The Education Act (1944) has made an influence on todays society. The Education Act brought in the three stages of education primary, secondary and higher.These are still in place in todays society, it also brought in free education and changed the way children learn. The children went from not going to school unless they could afford to pay to now being able to go to school free of charge. In todays society they dont take into account your welfare and background which is a good thing as children dont have anything in the way which could affect them from learning. In 1978 The Mary Warnock report was introduced which influenced on how children with a special educational need was assessed and it was then later reviewed in 2005.Another piece of legislation that has been discussed within the essay is Every Child Matters this piece of legislation looks at all frameworks working together so that children stay safe, enjoy and a chieve, be healthy, achieve economic well-being and making a positive contribution. Finally this essay has talked about The Early Years Foundation Stage which was brought out in 2007, and made needed in 2008. It is still in place in todays society and has been revised in 2012.